Anon Gyð 3^VII

Hvarf ‘a support’

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hvarf (noun n.; °; *-): disappearance

er ‘is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

þeim ‘for those’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

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er ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

þurfa ‘poor’

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1. þurfa (adj.): [poor]

[1] þurfa: ‘þu[...]’ B, ‘þur[...]’ 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ

notes

[1] þurfa ‘poor, needy’: B is badly worn. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (note to 444ˣ transcript) suggested reconstruction to þurfa, which has been adopted by all subsequent eds.

þing ‘of the assembly’

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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < þingnórungr (noun m.)

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notes

[2] þingnárungum (dat. pl.) ‘assembly-beings [WARRIORS]’: The significance of the second element in this cpd is not clear. Nárungar is usually, as here, a bound morpheme occurring as part of a straightforward man-heiti (such as beitnrungar ‘ship-beings’ in Ník Kristdr 1/2^III) or as the base-word of man-kennings (like élnrungar hlífar gims ‘storm-beings of the shelter of the gem’ in Anon (Stu) 21/6-7^IV). The free-standing form occurs only in a variant reading in Skm in W, which reads kallaðir erv menn niorðungar ędr narvngar ‘men are called njorðungar or nárungar’ (SnE 1848-87, II, 497; Finnur Jónsson 1924a, 105; LP: nrungar). The suffix –ungar usually indicates descent from some mythical or heroic being, as, e.g., with the Skjǫldungar or the Vǫlsungar. SnE provides two possibilities for the progenitor of the Nárungar. The first of these is Loki’s son Narfi, whom Gylf twice refers to as ‘Nari’ (SnE 1982, 27, 49). The prose continuation of Lokasenna suggests that Nari and Narfi were distinct characters: Nari is said to have been killed and his entrails used as fetters for Loki, while his brother Narfi is turned into a wolf. Snorri’s account of the binding of Loki (SnE 1982, 49/7-9) attempts to resolve this by conflating Nari and Narfi and introducing a second son, Váli. The other possible candidate is Nár, included in a list of dwarf-names in Gylf (SnE 1982, 16). Neither of these derivations is entirely persuasive.

þing ‘of the assembly’

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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < þingnórungr (noun m.)

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notes

[2] þingnárungum (dat. pl.) ‘assembly-beings [WARRIORS]’: The significance of the second element in this cpd is not clear. Nárungar is usually, as here, a bound morpheme occurring as part of a straightforward man-heiti (such as beitnrungar ‘ship-beings’ in Ník Kristdr 1/2^III) or as the base-word of man-kennings (like élnrungar hlífar gims ‘storm-beings of the shelter of the gem’ in Anon (Stu) 21/6-7^IV). The free-standing form occurs only in a variant reading in Skm in W, which reads kallaðir erv menn niorðungar ędr narvngar ‘men are called njorðungar or nárungar’ (SnE 1848-87, II, 497; Finnur Jónsson 1924a, 105; LP: nrungar). The suffix –ungar usually indicates descent from some mythical or heroic being, as, e.g., with the Skjǫldungar or the Vǫlsungar. SnE provides two possibilities for the progenitor of the Nárungar. The first of these is Loki’s son Narfi, whom Gylf twice refers to as ‘Nari’ (SnE 1982, 27, 49). The prose continuation of Lokasenna suggests that Nari and Narfi were distinct characters: Nari is said to have been killed and his entrails used as fetters for Loki, while his brother Narfi is turned into a wolf. Snorri’s account of the binding of Loki (SnE 1982, 49/7-9) attempts to resolve this by conflating Nari and Narfi and introducing a second son, Váli. The other possible candidate is Nár, included in a list of dwarf-names in Gylf (SnE 1982, 16). Neither of these derivations is entirely persuasive.

nárungum ‘beings’

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nárungr (noun m.; °; -ar): being, possessor < þingnórungr (noun m.)

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notes

[2] þingnárungum (dat. pl.) ‘assembly-beings [WARRIORS]’: The significance of the second element in this cpd is not clear. Nárungar is usually, as here, a bound morpheme occurring as part of a straightforward man-heiti (such as beitnrungar ‘ship-beings’ in Ník Kristdr 1/2^III) or as the base-word of man-kennings (like élnrungar hlífar gims ‘storm-beings of the shelter of the gem’ in Anon (Stu) 21/6-7^IV). The free-standing form occurs only in a variant reading in Skm in W, which reads kallaðir erv menn niorðungar ędr narvngar ‘men are called njorðungar or nárungar’ (SnE 1848-87, II, 497; Finnur Jónsson 1924a, 105; LP: nrungar). The suffix –ungar usually indicates descent from some mythical or heroic being, as, e.g., with the Skjǫldungar or the Vǫlsungar. SnE provides two possibilities for the progenitor of the Nárungar. The first of these is Loki’s son Narfi, whom Gylf twice refers to as ‘Nari’ (SnE 1982, 27, 49). The prose continuation of Lokasenna suggests that Nari and Narfi were distinct characters: Nari is said to have been killed and his entrails used as fetters for Loki, while his brother Narfi is turned into a wolf. Snorri’s account of the binding of Loki (SnE 1982, 49/7-9) attempts to resolve this by conflating Nari and Narfi and introducing a second son, Váli. The other possible candidate is Nár, included in a list of dwarf-names in Gylf (SnE 1982, 16). Neither of these derivations is entirely persuasive.

váru ‘were’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

branda ‘of swords’

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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire

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notes

[3] rjóðr branda ‘reddener of swords’: The identical man-kenning occurs in Ótt Hfl 17/2^I.

rjóðr ‘The reddener’

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1. rjóðr (noun m.): reddener

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notes

[3] rjóðr branda ‘reddener of swords’: The identical man-kenning occurs in Ótt Hfl 17/2^I.

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

bráðar ‘sudden’

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bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)

bryn ‘of the mailcoat’

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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat < brynflagð (noun n.)

[4] brynflagð*a: ‘[...](ni)agdra’(?) B, ‘[...]ynlagdra’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(br)yn(la)gdra’ BRydberg, ‘[...]týn[...]agdna’ BFJ

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notes

[4] brynflagð*a ‘of the mailcoat-trolls’: B is very badly worn, and none of the previous transcribers were able to read the word in full. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s reconstruction to brynflagðra, made in a note to the 444ˣ transcript, cannot be correct on grammatical grounds. The second <r> must be removed to give the gen. pl. of the n. noun flagð ‘troll woman, female monster’. Axes were traditionally referred to in skaldic verse using base-words for troll women.

bryn ‘of the mailcoat’

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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat < brynflagð (noun n.)

[4] brynflagð*a: ‘[...](ni)agdra’(?) B, ‘[...]ynlagdra’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(br)yn(la)gdra’ BRydberg, ‘[...]týn[...]agdna’ BFJ

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notes

[4] brynflagð*a ‘of the mailcoat-trolls’: B is very badly worn, and none of the previous transcribers were able to read the word in full. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s reconstruction to brynflagðra, made in a note to the 444ˣ transcript, cannot be correct on grammatical grounds. The second <r> must be removed to give the gen. pl. of the n. noun flagð ‘troll woman, female monster’. Axes were traditionally referred to in skaldic verse using base-words for troll women.

bryn ‘of the mailcoat’

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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat < brynflagð (noun n.)

[4] brynflagð*a: ‘[...](ni)agdra’(?) B, ‘[...]ynlagdra’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(br)yn(la)gdra’ BRydberg, ‘[...]týn[...]agdna’ BFJ

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notes

[4] brynflagð*a ‘of the mailcoat-trolls’: B is very badly worn, and none of the previous transcribers were able to read the word in full. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s reconstruction to brynflagðra, made in a note to the 444ˣ transcript, cannot be correct on grammatical grounds. The second <r> must be removed to give the gen. pl. of the n. noun flagð ‘troll woman, female monster’. Axes were traditionally referred to in skaldic verse using base-words for troll women.

flagð*a ‘of the trolls’

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flagð (noun n.): troll-woman < brynflagð (noun n.)

[4] brynflagð*a: ‘[...](ni)agdra’(?) B, ‘[...]ynlagdra’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(br)yn(la)gdra’ BRydberg, ‘[...]týn[...]agdna’ BFJ

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notes

[4] brynflagð*a ‘of the mailcoat-trolls’: B is very badly worn, and none of the previous transcribers were able to read the word in full. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s reconstruction to brynflagðra, made in a note to the 444ˣ transcript, cannot be correct on grammatical grounds. The second <r> must be removed to give the gen. pl. of the n. noun flagð ‘troll woman, female monster’. Axes were traditionally referred to in skaldic verse using base-words for troll women.

flagð*a ‘of the trolls’

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flagð (noun n.): troll-woman < brynflagð (noun n.)

[4] brynflagð*a: ‘[...](ni)agdra’(?) B, ‘[...]ynlagdra’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(br)yn(la)gdra’ BRydberg, ‘[...]týn[...]agdna’ BFJ

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notes

[4] brynflagð*a ‘of the mailcoat-trolls’: B is very badly worn, and none of the previous transcribers were able to read the word in full. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s reconstruction to brynflagðra, made in a note to the 444ˣ transcript, cannot be correct on grammatical grounds. The second <r> must be removed to give the gen. pl. of the n. noun flagð ‘troll woman, female monster’. Axes were traditionally referred to in skaldic verse using base-words for troll women.

flagð*a ‘of the trolls’

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flagð (noun n.): troll-woman < brynflagð (noun n.)

[4] brynflagð*a: ‘[...](ni)agdra’(?) B, ‘[...]ynlagdra’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(br)yn(la)gdra’ BRydberg, ‘[...]týn[...]agdna’ BFJ

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notes

[4] brynflagð*a ‘of the mailcoat-trolls’: B is very badly worn, and none of the previous transcribers were able to read the word in full. Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s reconstruction to brynflagðra, made in a note to the 444ˣ transcript, cannot be correct on grammatical grounds. The second <r> must be removed to give the gen. pl. of the n. noun flagð ‘troll woman, female monster’. Axes were traditionally referred to in skaldic verse using base-words for troll women.

nauð ‘need’

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neyð (noun f.; °dat. -): need, distress < nauðsyn (noun f.): need

synjar ‘’

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Syn (noun f.; °; -jar): [Syn [lady], Syn] < nauðsyn (noun f.): need

Fekk ‘gave’

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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

strand ‘of shore’

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strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore < strandlogi (noun m.)

[5] strandloga: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘str[...]loga’ B, ‘stra[...]loga’ BFJ

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strand ‘of shore’

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strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore < strandlogi (noun m.)

[5] strandloga: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘str[...]loga’ B, ‘stra[...]loga’ BFJ

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loga ‘flame’

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logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame < strandlogi (noun m.)

[5] strandloga: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘str[...]loga’ B, ‘stra[...]loga’ BFJ

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loga ‘flame’

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logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame < strandlogi (noun m.)

[5] strandloga: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘str[...]loga’ B, ‘stra[...]loga’ BFJ

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stökkvir ‘The flinger’

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støkkvir (noun m.): dispenser, flinger

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stíg ‘of the path’

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1. stígr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar/-ir, acc. -a/-u): path < stígverjandi (noun m.)

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stíg ‘of the path’

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1. stígr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar/-ir, acc. -a/-u): path < stígverjandi (noun m.)

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verjanda ‘defender’

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verjandi (noun m.; °-a; -andr/-undr): defender < stígverjandi (noun m.)

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hverjum ‘every’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

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fróns ‘’

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2. frón (noun n.): earth, land

fráns ‘of the snake’

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1. fránn (noun m.): snake(?)

[7] fráns: ‘fr[...]ns’ B, fróns 399a‑bˣ, fráns BRydberg, BFJ

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fráns ‘of the snake’

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1. fránn (noun m.): snake(?)

[7] fráns: ‘fr[...]ns’ B, fróns 399a‑bˣ, fráns BRydberg, BFJ

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af ‘of’

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af (prep.): from

fjár ‘wealth’

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fé (noun n.; °fjár/féar; -): cattle, money < fjárhlutr (noun m.)

[7] fjárhlut: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘fia[...]ut’ B, ‘fiar[...]lut’ BFJ

hlut ‘’

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hlutr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): part, thing < fjárhlutr (noun m.)

[7] fjárhlut: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘fia[...]ut’ B, ‘fiar[...]lut’ BFJ

sínum ‘his’

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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

fullar ‘full’

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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete

hendr ‘hands’

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hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand

[8] hendr: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘h[...]dr’ B

meðan ‘while’

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meðan (conj.): while

endiz ‘it lasted’

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1. enda (verb; °-að-): end, last