Anon (Ragn) 3^VIII (Ragn 33)

Þegi ‘Be silent’

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þegja (verb): be silent

þú ‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

heimdregi ‘stay-at-home’

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heimdregi (noun m.): [a stay-at-home]

heitinn ‘[rightly] called a’

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2. heita (verb): be called, promise

Hvat ‘What’

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hvat (pron.): what

notes

[2] hvat er þik ‘what concern is it of yours’: Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 217) compares Gríp 28/1 (NK 168): ‘Hvat er mic at því …’ ‘What is it to me …’, referring here to Lund (1862, 62), who gives this example along with others with the aim of showing that the use of the acc. in cases such as this reflects an early stage in the history of Old Norse at which the distinction in personal pronouns between the acc. (of the patient) and the dat. (of the recipient) had not yet developed (cf. Faarlund 2004, 165).

er ‘is it’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[2] hvat er þik ‘what concern is it of yours’: Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 217) compares Gríp 28/1 (NK 168): ‘Hvat er mic at því …’ ‘What is it to me …’, referring here to Lund (1862, 62), who gives this example along with others with the aim of showing that the use of the acc. in cases such as this reflects an early stage in the history of Old Norse at which the distinction in personal pronouns between the acc. (of the patient) and the dat. (of the recipient) had not yet developed (cf. Faarlund 2004, 165).

þik ‘of yours’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

notes

[2] hvat er þik ‘what concern is it of yours’: Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 217) compares Gríp 28/1 (NK 168): ‘Hvat er mic at því …’ ‘What is it to me …’, referring here to Lund (1862, 62), who gives this example along with others with the aim of showing that the use of the acc. in cases such as this reflects an early stage in the history of Old Norse at which the distinction in personal pronouns between the acc. (of the patient) and the dat. (of the recipient) had not yet developed (cf. Faarlund 2004, 165).

vesallátan ‘shabby wretch’

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vesallátr (adj.)

[2] vesallátan: ‘vęsęlatan’ 1824b

notes

[2] vesallátan ‘shabby wretch’: Lit. ‘shabby(-looking)’, m. acc. sg. agreeing with þik ‘you’.

Hefir ‘have’

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hafa (verb): have

þú ‘You’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

aldrigi ‘never’

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aldrigi (adv.): never

unnit ‘achieved’

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2. vinna (verb): perform, work

þess ‘anything’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

er ‘in which’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

mega ‘may’

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mega (verb): may, might

þrotna ‘lag behind’

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þrotna (verb): cut short

Feittira ‘fatten’

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feita (verb)

[5] Feittira: ‘feittada’ 1824b

notes

[5] feittira ‘you did not fatten’: The ms. has ‘feittada’, which Olsen and some later eds have emended to a supposed 2nd pers. sg. pret. form feitaðir ‘you fattened’, belonging to the first class weak conjugation. But feita ‘fatten’ is a weak verb of the third conjugation (ANG §§515-17), whose 2nd pers. sg. pret. is feittir. Here, however, the overall syntax of ll. 5-8 suggests that a negated verb is required, and this is provided by the ms. form ending in the negative particle -a, with the proclitic né negating the wolf-kenning sækitík sólar ‘the chasing-bitch of the sun’ in ll. 1-2 in a double negative construction; for similar constructions, cf. Þhorn Gldr 9/1-2^I and Eil Þdr 11/7^III and Note there, also Kuhn (1936a, 431).  Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends ms. ‘feittada’ to fæddir ‘you fed’, 2nd pers. sg. pret. of fæða ‘feed’. Kock (Skald) emends to fættuða, 2nd pers. pl. pret. of fæta ‘have to do with’, with the negative particle -a suffixed.

sverð ‘sword’

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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword < sverðleikr (noun m.): sword-play

kennings

notes

[5, 6] at sverðleiki ‘in sword-play [BATTLE]’: Understood as an example of tmesis. Most other eds emend sverð to sverðs ‘of the sword’.

né ‘You did not’

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né (conj.): nor

sólar ‘of the sun’

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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

[5] sólar: solla 1824b

kennings

notes

[5, 6] sækitík sólar ‘the chasing-bitch of the sun [WOLF]’: The ms. gives the second element of this kenning as ‘solla’, which Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 217-18) suggested might be the gen. pl. of sollr m. ‘swill, dog food’, though this seems inappropriate in context. He also proposed the more plausible emendation of ‘solla’ to sólar ‘of the sun’, with the whole phrase understood as a wolf-kenning, alluding to the wolf Skǫll referred to as following the sun in Grí 39/1-3 (cf. SnE 2005, 14, 60-1). This interpretation has been followed here.

sækitík ‘the chasing-bitch’

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sœkitík (noun f.): [chasing-bitch]

kennings

notes

[5, 6] sækitík sólar ‘the chasing-bitch of the sun [WOLF]’: The ms. gives the second element of this kenning as ‘solla’, which Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 217-18) suggested might be the gen. pl. of sollr m. ‘swill, dog food’, though this seems inappropriate in context. He also proposed the more plausible emendation of ‘solla’ to sólar ‘of the sun’, with the whole phrase understood as a wolf-kenning, alluding to the wolf Skǫll referred to as following the sun in Grí 39/1-3 (cf. SnE 2005, 14, 60-1). This interpretation has been followed here.

at ‘in’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

notes

[5, 6] at sverðleiki ‘in sword-play [BATTLE]’: Understood as an example of tmesis. Most other eds emend sverð to sverðs ‘of the sword’.

leiki ‘play’

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1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play < sverðleikr (noun m.): sword-play

kennings

notes

[5, 6] at sverðleiki ‘in sword-play [BATTLE]’: Understood as an example of tmesis. Most other eds emend sverð to sverðs ‘of the sword’.

gafta ‘did not give’

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gefa (verb): give

notes

[7-8] þú gafta hesti hafnar drykkju ‘you did not give a drink to the horse of the harbour [SHIP]’: Previous eds, with the exception of Rafn (FSN), CPB and Örnólfur Thorsson, emend hafnar in l. 7 to hálu, gen. sg. of hála f. ‘troll woman, giantess’, thus producing the kenning ‘horse of the troll woman [WOLF]’ and the meaning ‘you did not give the wolf a drink (of blood)’, i.e. you did not kill enemies in battle. This would certainly parallel the wolf-kenning in the preceding two lines, but the emendation is unnecessary. There is no problem with the meaning of the ship-kenning hestr hafnar ‘the horse of the harbour’ and while the meaning of the expression ‘to give the ship a drink’ is at first sight obscure, it is possible to understand it metaphorically. In the context of the speaker’s allegations about his rival’s lack of experience in warfare and naval matters, its likely sense is ‘you did not take the ship out to sea’, playing on the image of ‘watering’ the animate base-word hestr ‘horse’. This interpretation is confirmed by the opening lines of the following stanza (see Note to Ragn 34/1).

þú ‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

notes

[7-8] þú gafta hesti hafnar drykkju ‘you did not give a drink to the horse of the harbour [SHIP]’: Previous eds, with the exception of Rafn (FSN), CPB and Örnólfur Thorsson, emend hafnar in l. 7 to hálu, gen. sg. of hála f. ‘troll woman, giantess’, thus producing the kenning ‘horse of the troll woman [WOLF]’ and the meaning ‘you did not give the wolf a drink (of blood)’, i.e. you did not kill enemies in battle. This would certainly parallel the wolf-kenning in the preceding two lines, but the emendation is unnecessary. There is no problem with the meaning of the ship-kenning hestr hafnar ‘the horse of the harbour’ and while the meaning of the expression ‘to give the ship a drink’ is at first sight obscure, it is possible to understand it metaphorically. In the context of the speaker’s allegations about his rival’s lack of experience in warfare and naval matters, its likely sense is ‘you did not take the ship out to sea’, playing on the image of ‘watering’ the animate base-word hestr ‘horse’. This interpretation is confirmed by the opening lines of the following stanza (see Note to Ragn 34/1).

hafnar ‘of the harbour’

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1. hǫfn (noun f.; °hafnar; hafnir(/hafnar(Streng 234³²)): haven, harbour

kennings

notes

[7-8] þú gafta hesti hafnar drykkju ‘you did not give a drink to the horse of the harbour [SHIP]’: Previous eds, with the exception of Rafn (FSN), CPB and Örnólfur Thorsson, emend hafnar in l. 7 to hálu, gen. sg. of hála f. ‘troll woman, giantess’, thus producing the kenning ‘horse of the troll woman [WOLF]’ and the meaning ‘you did not give the wolf a drink (of blood)’, i.e. you did not kill enemies in battle. This would certainly parallel the wolf-kenning in the preceding two lines, but the emendation is unnecessary. There is no problem with the meaning of the ship-kenning hestr hafnar ‘the horse of the harbour’ and while the meaning of the expression ‘to give the ship a drink’ is at first sight obscure, it is possible to understand it metaphorically. In the context of the speaker’s allegations about his rival’s lack of experience in warfare and naval matters, its likely sense is ‘you did not take the ship out to sea’, playing on the image of ‘watering’ the animate base-word hestr ‘horse’. This interpretation is confirmed by the opening lines of the following stanza (see Note to Ragn 34/1).

hesti ‘to the horse’

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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion

kennings

notes

[7-8] þú gafta hesti hafnar drykkju ‘you did not give a drink to the horse of the harbour [SHIP]’: Previous eds, with the exception of Rafn (FSN), CPB and Örnólfur Thorsson, emend hafnar in l. 7 to hálu, gen. sg. of hála f. ‘troll woman, giantess’, thus producing the kenning ‘horse of the troll woman [WOLF]’ and the meaning ‘you did not give the wolf a drink (of blood)’, i.e. you did not kill enemies in battle. This would certainly parallel the wolf-kenning in the preceding two lines, but the emendation is unnecessary. There is no problem with the meaning of the ship-kenning hestr hafnar ‘the horse of the harbour’ and while the meaning of the expression ‘to give the ship a drink’ is at first sight obscure, it is possible to understand it metaphorically. In the context of the speaker’s allegations about his rival’s lack of experience in warfare and naval matters, its likely sense is ‘you did not take the ship out to sea’, playing on the image of ‘watering’ the animate base-word hestr ‘horse’. This interpretation is confirmed by the opening lines of the following stanza (see Note to Ragn 34/1).

hvat ‘what’

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hvat (pron.): what

rækir ‘care’

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rœkja (verb): care, look after

þik ‘do you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

drykkju ‘a drink’

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1. drykkja (noun f.; °-ju/-u; -ur): drinking

notes

[7-8] þú gafta hesti hafnar drykkju ‘you did not give a drink to the horse of the harbour [SHIP]’: Previous eds, with the exception of Rafn (FSN), CPB and Örnólfur Thorsson, emend hafnar in l. 7 to hálu, gen. sg. of hála f. ‘troll woman, giantess’, thus producing the kenning ‘horse of the troll woman [WOLF]’ and the meaning ‘you did not give the wolf a drink (of blood)’, i.e. you did not kill enemies in battle. This would certainly parallel the wolf-kenning in the preceding two lines, but the emendation is unnecessary. There is no problem with the meaning of the ship-kenning hestr hafnar ‘the horse of the harbour’ and while the meaning of the expression ‘to give the ship a drink’ is at first sight obscure, it is possible to understand it metaphorically. In the context of the speaker’s allegations about his rival’s lack of experience in warfare and naval matters, its likely sense is ‘you did not take the ship out to sea’, playing on the image of ‘watering’ the animate base-word hestr ‘horse’. This interpretation is confirmed by the opening lines of the following stanza (see Note to Ragn 34/1).