Framarr Lv 1^VIII (Ket 34)

Illr ‘evil’

(not checked:)
illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell

notes

[1]: Mss 343a and 471 have the reading sinnu. Mss 1006ˣ, 173ˣ and 109a IIˣ all have the reading sinni; the phrase í sinni ‘on the way, in company’ is well-attested in poetry (LP: 3. sinni). The half-line evokes and contrasts with the statement in Reg 20/4-6 that the presence of a raven (another bird of prey associated with battle-fields) is a good omen for a warrior.

er ‘is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[1]: Mss 343a and 471 have the reading sinnu. Mss 1006ˣ, 173ˣ and 109a IIˣ all have the reading sinni; the phrase í sinni ‘on the way, in company’ is well-attested in poetry (LP: 3. sinni). The half-line evokes and contrasts with the statement in Reg 20/4-6 that the presence of a raven (another bird of prey associated with battle-fields) is a good omen for a warrior.

örn ‘The eagle’

(not checked:)
1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle

notes

[1]: Mss 343a and 471 have the reading sinnu. Mss 1006ˣ, 173ˣ and 109a IIˣ all have the reading sinni; the phrase í sinni ‘on the way, in company’ is well-attested in poetry (LP: 3. sinni). The half-line evokes and contrasts with the statement in Reg 20/4-6 that the presence of a raven (another bird of prey associated with battle-fields) is a good omen for a warrior.

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

notes

[1]: Mss 343a and 471 have the reading sinnu. Mss 1006ˣ, 173ˣ and 109a IIˣ all have the reading sinni; the phrase í sinni ‘on the way, in company’ is well-attested in poetry (LP: 3. sinni). The half-line evokes and contrasts with the statement in Reg 20/4-6 that the presence of a raven (another bird of prey associated with battle-fields) is a good omen for a warrior.

sinni ‘company’

(not checked:)
2. sinni (noun n.; °-s;): time, occasion; company, following

[1] sinni: ‘sinnu’ 343a, 471

notes

[1]: Mss 343a and 471 have the reading sinnu. Mss 1006ˣ, 173ˣ and 109a IIˣ all have the reading sinni; the phrase í sinni ‘on the way, in company’ is well-attested in poetry (LP: 3. sinni). The half-line evokes and contrasts with the statement in Reg 20/4-6 that the presence of a raven (another bird of prey associated with battle-fields) is a good omen for a warrior.

emka ‘I am not’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

sárr ‘wounded’

(not checked:)
sárr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): sore, painful; wounded

[2] sárr: ‘so’ 471

at ‘so that’

(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that

kvíða ‘I am afraid’

(not checked:)
3. kvíða (verb): fear

færir ‘thrusts’

(not checked:)
2. fœra (verb): bring

notes

[3] færir ‘thrusts’: Because this verb (fœra ‘set in motion, bring, hit, ram’) does not bear alliteration on <g>, Skj B and Skald emend to grefr ‘digs, bores, sinks [his claws]’ (cf. LP: grafa 2).

hann ‘he’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

sínar ‘his’

(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

[3] sínar: om. 471

greipar ‘claws’

(not checked:)
greip (noun f.; °; -r, -ar): hand, talon

[3] greipar: so 471, greipr 343a

notes

[3] greipar ‘claws’: Here, as with Skj B and Skald, 471’s reading has been preferred to the alternative acc. pl. greipr (so 343a) of greip ‘hand, claw’. The disyllabic form produces a line in which there is an unstressed syllable between the two alliterating words (greipar, gular).

gular ‘yellow’

(not checked:)
gulr (adj.): [yellow]

í ‘into’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

notes

[4] í blóðæðar mínar ‘into my blood vessels’: Ms. 471 has the reading blóðæðar, i.e. the acc. pl. of the cpd blóðæðr, which is only attested here in Old Norse. In 343a the two words are written apart: blóð æðar. Compounds are often written this way in mss. However, it is also possible that the words æðar minar are regarded as a phrase in the f. gen. sg. in this ms; minar (with a short <i>) is attested as a form for the f. gen. sg. instead of minnar (cf. ANG §467 Anm. 2). Skj B and Skald delete the word blóð ‘blood’ in order to produce a regular metrical line: í æðar mínar ‘into my veins’. Edd. Min. deletes the pers. pron. mínar: í blóðæðar ‘into blood vessels’. Ms. 173ˣ and several other mss have the reading í sára flæði ‘into the flood of  wounds’; sára flæðr is a blood-kenning of a conventional type (Meissner 204-7). The long-line færir hann sínar greipar | gular í sára flæði could be regarded as having chiastic alliteration on <f> and <g>.

blóð ‘blood’

(not checked:)
blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood

notes

[4] í blóðæðar mínar ‘into my blood vessels’: Ms. 471 has the reading blóðæðar, i.e. the acc. pl. of the cpd blóðæðr, which is only attested here in Old Norse. In 343a the two words are written apart: blóð æðar. Compounds are often written this way in mss. However, it is also possible that the words æðar minar are regarded as a phrase in the f. gen. sg. in this ms; minar (with a short <i>) is attested as a form for the f. gen. sg. instead of minnar (cf. ANG §467 Anm. 2). Skj B and Skald delete the word blóð ‘blood’ in order to produce a regular metrical line: í æðar mínar ‘into my veins’. Edd. Min. deletes the pers. pron. mínar: í blóðæðar ‘into blood vessels’. Ms. 173ˣ and several other mss have the reading í sára flæði ‘into the flood of  wounds’; sára flæðr is a blood-kenning of a conventional type (Meissner 204-7). The long-line færir hann sínar greipar | gular í sára flæði could be regarded as having chiastic alliteration on <f> and <g>.

æðar ‘vessels’

(not checked:)
1. æðr (noun f.; °-ar, dat./acc. ǽði; -ar): blood vessel

notes

[4] í blóðæðar mínar ‘into my blood vessels’: Ms. 471 has the reading blóðæðar, i.e. the acc. pl. of the cpd blóðæðr, which is only attested here in Old Norse. In 343a the two words are written apart: blóð æðar. Compounds are often written this way in mss. However, it is also possible that the words æðar minar are regarded as a phrase in the f. gen. sg. in this ms; minar (with a short <i>) is attested as a form for the f. gen. sg. instead of minnar (cf. ANG §467 Anm. 2). Skj B and Skald delete the word blóð ‘blood’ in order to produce a regular metrical line: í æðar mínar ‘into my veins’. Edd. Min. deletes the pers. pron. mínar: í blóðæðar ‘into blood vessels’. Ms. 173ˣ and several other mss have the reading í sára flæði ‘into the flood of  wounds’; sára flæðr is a blood-kenning of a conventional type (Meissner 204-7). The long-line færir hann sínar greipar | gular í sára flæði could be regarded as having chiastic alliteration on <f> and <g>.

mínar ‘my’

(not checked:)
minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

notes

[4] í blóðæðar mínar ‘into my blood vessels’: Ms. 471 has the reading blóðæðar, i.e. the acc. pl. of the cpd blóðæðr, which is only attested here in Old Norse. In 343a the two words are written apart: blóð æðar. Compounds are often written this way in mss. However, it is also possible that the words æðar minar are regarded as a phrase in the f. gen. sg. in this ms; minar (with a short <i>) is attested as a form for the f. gen. sg. instead of minnar (cf. ANG §467 Anm. 2). Skj B and Skald delete the word blóð ‘blood’ in order to produce a regular metrical line: í æðar mínar ‘into my veins’. Edd. Min. deletes the pers. pron. mínar: í blóðæðar ‘into blood vessels’. Ms. 173ˣ and several other mss have the reading í sára flæði ‘into the flood of  wounds’; sára flæðr is a blood-kenning of a conventional type (Meissner 204-7). The long-line færir hann sínar greipar | gular í sára flæði could be regarded as having chiastic alliteration on <f> and <g>.

Hlakkar ‘screams’

(not checked:)
hlakka (verb): [screams, exult]

hregg ‘The storm’

(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggskornir (noun m.): storm-cleaver

notes

[5] hreggskornir ‘the storm-cleaver <eagle>’: With the exception of 471 the mss which include ll. 5-8 (343a, 340ˣ) have a reading that can be interpreted as hreggskorinn ‘cut by storms’ (skorinn = p. p. of the verb skera ‘cut’). Ms. 471 has hreggskornir, a cpd which appears twice in other texts (Anon (SnE) 11/1^III and Þul Ara 1/4^III) as an eagle-heiti (LP: hreggskornir) and which can be translated as ‘storm-cleaver’, i.e. ‘one who cuts through storms’ (cf. Meissner 123; Ebenbauer 1973, 207; Finnur Jónsson 1919, 304). Both designations probably refer to the mode of life of an eagle, who flies high in the sky and soars, taking advantage of the wind currents. The verb hlakka is used of the cry or scream of an eagle in Vsp 50/6 and of birds of prey in other texts (LP: hlakka).

skornir ‘cleaver’

(not checked:)
skornir (noun m.): [cutter] < hreggskornir (noun m.): storm-cleaver

[5] ‑skornir (‘skornner’): so 471, skorinn or skorir 343a

notes

[5] hreggskornir ‘the storm-cleaver <eagle>’: With the exception of 471 the mss which include ll. 5-8 (343a, 340ˣ) have a reading that can be interpreted as hreggskorinn ‘cut by storms’ (skorinn = p. p. of the verb skera ‘cut’). Ms. 471 has hreggskornir, a cpd which appears twice in other texts (Anon (SnE) 11/1^III and Þul Ara 1/4^III) as an eagle-heiti (LP: hreggskornir) and which can be translated as ‘storm-cleaver’, i.e. ‘one who cuts through storms’ (cf. Meissner 123; Ebenbauer 1973, 207; Finnur Jónsson 1919, 304). Both designations probably refer to the mode of life of an eagle, who flies high in the sky and soars, taking advantage of the wind currents. The verb hlakka is used of the cry or scream of an eagle in Vsp 50/6 and of birds of prey in other texts (LP: hlakka).

hvers ‘about what’

(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

notes

[6] hvers er hann forkunnigr ‘about what is he prescient’: The variant reading of this line in 471 (fjölkunniga ‘skilled in magic’) expresses a similar thought (the form of the predicate adj. ‑kunniga is however not congruent to the pron. hann (m. sg. nom.). There has been some difference of opinion among previous eds as to 343a’s reading of the second element of the cpd -kunnigr.  Edd. Min. 83 n. has this reading (with which the present edn agrees), but Skj A reads the comp. adj. ‑kunnigra, which Skj B emends to ‑kunnigr.

er ‘is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[6] hvers er hann forkunnigr ‘about what is he prescient’: The variant reading of this line in 471 (fjölkunniga ‘skilled in magic’) expresses a similar thought (the form of the predicate adj. ‑kunniga is however not congruent to the pron. hann (m. sg. nom.). There has been some difference of opinion among previous eds as to 343a’s reading of the second element of the cpd -kunnigr.  Edd. Min. 83 n. has this reading (with which the present edn agrees), but Skj A reads the comp. adj. ‑kunnigra, which Skj B emends to ‑kunnigr.

hann ‘he’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

notes

[6] hvers er hann forkunnigr ‘about what is he prescient’: The variant reading of this line in 471 (fjölkunniga ‘skilled in magic’) expresses a similar thought (the form of the predicate adj. ‑kunniga is however not congruent to the pron. hann (m. sg. nom.). There has been some difference of opinion among previous eds as to 343a’s reading of the second element of the cpd -kunnigr.  Edd. Min. 83 n. has this reading (with which the present edn agrees), but Skj A reads the comp. adj. ‑kunnigra, which Skj B emends to ‑kunnigr.

forkunnigr ‘prescient’

(not checked:)
forkunnigr (adj.)

[6] forkunnigr (‘‑kvnnigur’): fjölkunniga 471

notes

[6] hvers er hann forkunnigr ‘about what is he prescient’: The variant reading of this line in 471 (fjölkunniga ‘skilled in magic’) expresses a similar thought (the form of the predicate adj. ‑kunniga is however not congruent to the pron. hann (m. sg. nom.). There has been some difference of opinion among previous eds as to 343a’s reading of the second element of the cpd -kunnigr.  Edd. Min. 83 n. has this reading (with which the present edn agrees), but Skj A reads the comp. adj. ‑kunnigra, which Skj B emends to ‑kunnigr.

Opt ‘often’

(not checked:)
opt (adv.): often

hefi ‘have’

(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have

ek ‘I’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

ara ‘the eagle’

(not checked:)
1. ari (noun m.; °-a; -ar): eagle

gladdan ‘gladdened’

(not checked:)
gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice

góðr ‘good’

(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good

[8] góðr em ek valgöglum: áðr ek valgögl vann 471

notes

[8] ek em góðr valgöglum ‘I am good to corpse-geese [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: In 471 l. 8 reads: áðr ek valgögl vann. Kock (Skald) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) combine this reading in differing ways with the line in 343a: áðr vark góðr valgöglum (‘earlier I was good to corpse-geese’ Skj B); áðr vann ek valgöglum (‘earlier I provided for corpse-geese ...’, Skald; NN §2395). Edd. Min. and FSGJ prefer the reading of 340ˣ: óðr em ek valgöglum ‘I am zealous for the corpse-geese’. In all cases the emendation is motivated by the desire to bring the alliteration more into line with the ‘rules’, i.e. ara should alliterate rather than gladda, since ara is a noun (cf. von See 1967, 20). However since the reading in 343a is satisfactory from the point of view of grammar and content there is no reason to emend it. The only other poetic example of the cpd valgagl ‘corpse-goose’ (Tindr Hákdr 3/4^I) is an emendation.

em ‘am’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[8] góðr em ek valgöglum: áðr ek valgögl vann 471

notes

[8] ek em góðr valgöglum ‘I am good to corpse-geese [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: In 471 l. 8 reads: áðr ek valgögl vann. Kock (Skald) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) combine this reading in differing ways with the line in 343a: áðr vark góðr valgöglum (‘earlier I was good to corpse-geese’ Skj B); áðr vann ek valgöglum (‘earlier I provided for corpse-geese ...’, Skald; NN §2395). Edd. Min. and FSGJ prefer the reading of 340ˣ: óðr em ek valgöglum ‘I am zealous for the corpse-geese’. In all cases the emendation is motivated by the desire to bring the alliteration more into line with the ‘rules’, i.e. ara should alliterate rather than gladda, since ara is a noun (cf. von See 1967, 20). However since the reading in 343a is satisfactory from the point of view of grammar and content there is no reason to emend it. The only other poetic example of the cpd valgagl ‘corpse-goose’ (Tindr Hákdr 3/4^I) is an emendation.

ek ‘I’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[8] góðr em ek valgöglum: áðr ek valgögl vann 471

notes

[8] ek em góðr valgöglum ‘I am good to corpse-geese [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: In 471 l. 8 reads: áðr ek valgögl vann. Kock (Skald) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) combine this reading in differing ways with the line in 343a: áðr vark góðr valgöglum (‘earlier I was good to corpse-geese’ Skj B); áðr vann ek valgöglum (‘earlier I provided for corpse-geese ...’, Skald; NN §2395). Edd. Min. and FSGJ prefer the reading of 340ˣ: óðr em ek valgöglum ‘I am zealous for the corpse-geese’. In all cases the emendation is motivated by the desire to bring the alliteration more into line with the ‘rules’, i.e. ara should alliterate rather than gladda, since ara is a noun (cf. von See 1967, 20). However since the reading in 343a is satisfactory from the point of view of grammar and content there is no reason to emend it. The only other poetic example of the cpd valgagl ‘corpse-goose’ (Tindr Hákdr 3/4^I) is an emendation.

val ‘to corpse’

(not checked:)
1. valr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ir): corpse, the slain < valgagl (noun n.): corpse-goose, slaughter-goose

[8] góðr em ek valgöglum: áðr ek valgögl vann 471

kennings

notes

[8] ek em góðr valgöglum ‘I am good to corpse-geese [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: In 471 l. 8 reads: áðr ek valgögl vann. Kock (Skald) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) combine this reading in differing ways with the line in 343a: áðr vark góðr valgöglum (‘earlier I was good to corpse-geese’ Skj B); áðr vann ek valgöglum (‘earlier I provided for corpse-geese ...’, Skald; NN §2395). Edd. Min. and FSGJ prefer the reading of 340ˣ: óðr em ek valgöglum ‘I am zealous for the corpse-geese’. In all cases the emendation is motivated by the desire to bring the alliteration more into line with the ‘rules’, i.e. ara should alliterate rather than gladda, since ara is a noun (cf. von See 1967, 20). However since the reading in 343a is satisfactory from the point of view of grammar and content there is no reason to emend it. The only other poetic example of the cpd valgagl ‘corpse-goose’ (Tindr Hákdr 3/4^I) is an emendation.

göglum ‘geese’

(not checked:)
gagl (noun n.): gosling < valgagl (noun n.): corpse-goose, slaughter-goose

[8] góðr em ek valgöglum: áðr ek valgögl vann 471

kennings

notes

[8] ek em góðr valgöglum ‘I am good to corpse-geese [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: In 471 l. 8 reads: áðr ek valgögl vann. Kock (Skald) and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) combine this reading in differing ways with the line in 343a: áðr vark góðr valgöglum (‘earlier I was good to corpse-geese’ Skj B); áðr vann ek valgöglum (‘earlier I provided for corpse-geese ...’, Skald; NN §2395). Edd. Min. and FSGJ prefer the reading of 340ˣ: óðr em ek valgöglum ‘I am zealous for the corpse-geese’. In all cases the emendation is motivated by the desire to bring the alliteration more into line with the ‘rules’, i.e. ara should alliterate rather than gladda, since ara is a noun (cf. von See 1967, 20). However since the reading in 343a is satisfactory from the point of view of grammar and content there is no reason to emend it. The only other poetic example of the cpd valgagl ‘corpse-goose’ (Tindr Hákdr 3/4^I) is an emendation.