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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Hundk Lv 5VIII (HjǪ 36)

Richard L. Harris (ed.) 2017, ‘Hjálmþés saga ok Ǫlvis 36 (Hundingi konungr, Lausavísur 5)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 527.

Hundingi konungrLausavísur
456

muntu ‘You must’

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munu (verb): will, must

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heima ‘at home’

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2. heima (adv.): at home

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er ‘since’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[2] er: om. papp6ˣ

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hyggz ‘think’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

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öllu ‘everything’

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allr (adj.): all

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ráða ‘to decide’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

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hjá ‘among’

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hjá (prep.): beside, with

[3] hjá í: í hjá í papp6ˣ

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í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

[3] hjá í: í hjá í papp6ˣ

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dýrum ‘excellent’

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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

[3] dýrum: dýrum crossed out papp6ˣ

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höllum ‘halls’

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3. hallr (adj.): tilting, awry

[4] höllum várum: várum höllum 109a IIIˣ, ÍBR5ˣ, várum höllum papp6ˣ

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várum ‘our’

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várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our

[4] höllum várum: várum höllum 109a IIIˣ, ÍBR5ˣ, várum höllum papp6ˣ

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Hefir ‘have’

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hafa (verb): have

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hvassan ‘a keen’

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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp

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ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

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vænan ‘beautiful’

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vænn (adj.): beautiful, expected

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ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

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Sófnis ‘of Sófnir’

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Sófnir (noun m.): Sófnir, snake

kennings

aðra bingi Sófnis,
‘other beds of Sófnir, ’
   = GOLD

other beds of Sófnir, → GOLD

notes

[7] bingi Sófnis ‘beds of Sófnir <snake> [GOLD]’: Sófnir is likely to be a snake-heiti here. LP equates Sófnir with Sváfnir, the latter a name for Óðinn; cf. Þhorn Harkv 11/3I and Note, Þul Óðins 4/3III and Note. However, both Sváfnir and Sófnir are snake-heiti in later poetry and in rímur; cf. the kenning látr Sváfnis ‘lair of Sváfnir <snake> [GOLD]’ (Grett Lv 31/7V (Gr 63)) and láð Sófnis ‘lands of Sófnir <snake> [GOLD]’(Grettisrímur III, 25, Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, I, 58); cf. also the kenning naðrbingr ‘adder-bed [GOLD]’ (Þjsk Jarl 1/4I) and Meissner 237. The noun bingr ‘bed’ is uncommon in skaldic poetry and in Old Norse prose but is frequent in rímur (cf. Finnur Jónsson 1926-8, 25-6).

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bingi ‘beds’

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bingr (noun m.; °dat. -i): [bed, lair]

kennings

aðra bingi Sófnis,
‘other beds of Sófnir, ’
   = GOLD

other beds of Sófnir, → GOLD

notes

[7] bingi Sófnis ‘beds of Sófnir <snake> [GOLD]’: Sófnir is likely to be a snake-heiti here. LP equates Sófnir with Sváfnir, the latter a name for Óðinn; cf. Þhorn Harkv 11/3I and Note, Þul Óðins 4/3III and Note. However, both Sváfnir and Sófnir are snake-heiti in later poetry and in rímur; cf. the kenning látr Sváfnis ‘lair of Sváfnir <snake> [GOLD]’ (Grett Lv 31/7V (Gr 63)) and láð Sófnis ‘lands of Sófnir <snake> [GOLD]’(Grettisrímur III, 25, Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, I, 58); cf. also the kenning naðrbingr ‘adder-bed [GOLD]’ (Þjsk Jarl 1/4I) and Meissner 237. The noun bingr ‘bed’ is uncommon in skaldic poetry and in Old Norse prose but is frequent in rímur (cf. Finnur Jónsson 1926-8, 25-6).

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aðra ‘other’

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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

kennings

aðra bingi Sófnis,
‘other beds of Sófnir, ’
   = GOLD

other beds of Sófnir, → GOLD
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en ‘but’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

[8] en: om. ÍBR5ˣ

notes

[8] en set þik aptr af því ‘but restrain yourself from that’: I.e. from deciding everything in Hundingi’s hall, doubtless intended ironically, since, at his host’s direction, Hjálmþér is about to undertake a difficult and dangerous task in return for winter quarters.

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set ‘restrain’

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setja (verb): place, set, establish

notes

[8] en set þik aptr af því ‘but restrain yourself from that’: I.e. from deciding everything in Hundingi’s hall, doubtless intended ironically, since, at his host’s direction, Hjálmþér is about to undertake a difficult and dangerous task in return for winter quarters.

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þik ‘yourself’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

notes

[8] en set þik aptr af því ‘but restrain yourself from that’: I.e. from deciding everything in Hundingi’s hall, doubtless intended ironically, since, at his host’s direction, Hjálmþér is about to undertake a difficult and dangerous task in return for winter quarters.

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aptr ‘’

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aptr (adv.; °compar. -ar): back

notes

[8] en set þik aptr af því ‘but restrain yourself from that’: I.e. from deciding everything in Hundingi’s hall, doubtless intended ironically, since, at his host’s direction, Hjálmþér is about to undertake a difficult and dangerous task in return for winter quarters.

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af ‘from’

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af (prep.): from

notes

[8] en set þik aptr af því ‘but restrain yourself from that’: I.e. from deciding everything in Hundingi’s hall, doubtless intended ironically, since, at his host’s direction, Hjálmþér is about to undertake a difficult and dangerous task in return for winter quarters.

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því ‘that’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[8] en set þik aptr af því ‘but restrain yourself from that’: I.e. from deciding everything in Hundingi’s hall, doubtless intended ironically, since, at his host’s direction, Hjálmþér is about to undertake a difficult and dangerous task in return for winter quarters.

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

Hjálmþér indicates that he will not have Hǫrðr left out of the seating arrangements and asks Hundingi for winter quarters, as Hervǫr had advised him to do. Hundingi presents him with the difficult task of obtaining the two horns of his ‘calf’ (really a man-eating bull) or losing his life. Hjálmþér asks to be first directed to a seat and the king responds with this stanza.

[4]: All mss have várum höllum (papp6ˣ crosses out várum), but this word order has been inverted, as in Skj B, both to regularise the alliteration and for syntactical reasons. Kock (NN §128) objects to the inversion of word order, but supports Skj B’s change of várum to órum, which is, however, found largely in early poetry (cf. ANG §467.2) and is unlikely here.

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