Hundk Lv 3VIII (HjǪ 33)
Richard L. Harris (ed.) 2017, ‘Hjálmþés saga ok Ǫlvis 33 (Hundingi konungr, Lausavísur 3)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 524.
Hverr ‘Who’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1] er: so ÍBR5ˣ, om. 109a IIIˣ, sem papp6ˣ
gaurr ‘ruffian’
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gaurr (noun m.): rascal, ruffian
er ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[2] í gáttum ‘in the doorway’: The noun gátt refers to the part of the door-frame against which a door shuts.
gáttum ‘the doorway’
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gátt (noun f.): door, gate
notes
[2] í gáttum ‘in the doorway’: The noun gátt refers to the part of the door-frame against which a door shuts.
stendr ‘stands’
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standa (verb): stand
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
ríss ‘rises up’
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rísa (verb): rise, raise
röskliga ‘bravely’
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rǫskliga (adv.)
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
róta ‘a’
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1. rót (noun f.; °-ar; rǿtr): root < rótakylfa (noun f.)
notes
[4] rótakylfu ‘a club’: A rótakylfa is a club (kylfa) made from the lowest part of the bole of a tree (cf. LP: rótakylfa), thus a massive but inelegant weapon. The same term occurs in Hjálmþérsrímur IV, 16 (Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, II, 29), while kylfa alone occurs in V, 28 (Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, II, 37).
kylfu ‘club’
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1. kylfa (noun f.; °-u; -ur): club < rótakylfa (noun f.)
notes
[4] rótakylfu ‘a club’: A rótakylfa is a club (kylfa) made from the lowest part of the bole of a tree (cf. LP: rótakylfa), thus a massive but inelegant weapon. The same term occurs in Hjálmþérsrímur IV, 16 (Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, II, 29), while kylfa alone occurs in V, 28 (Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, II, 37).
gnapir ‘stoops forward’
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gnapa (verb): bend forward, tower
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
hettu ‘hood’
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hetta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): °hætteformet (selvstændig) hovedbeklædning, hætte (fastgjort til kutte, etc.)
[5] hettu: so papp6ˣ, hetti 109a IIIˣ, ÍBR5ˣ
hyggr ‘surveys’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
gumna ‘of men’
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gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man
[6] gumna: so ÍBR5ˣ, gunna 109a IIIˣ, papp6ˣ
mengi ‘multitude’
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mengi (noun n.): multitude, crowd
Lítt ‘little’
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lítill (adj.; °lítinn): little
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
skúmr ‘chatterer’
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skúmr (noun m.)
at ‘to’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
skapi ‘my’
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1. skap (noun n.; °-s; *-): mind, fate
mínu ‘mind’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
King Hundingi asks the identity of Hǫrðr, the swineherd, in this stanza.
This stanza includes many terms of insult or unconcealed disdain for the supposed swineherd, several of which also appear in Hjálmþérsrímur V, 28 (Finnur Jónsson 1905-22, II, 37), including gaurr ‘ruffian’ (l. 1), í gáttum ‘in the doorway’ (l. 2) and kylfa (rótakylfa ‘club’, l. 4). The word gaurr ‘ruffian, boor’ (l. 1) is a term frequently used of low-class, uncourtly men in translated romances and rímur (cf. ONP: gaurr; Finnur Jónsson 1926-8, 124). Demeaning descriptive details include mention of Hǫrðr’s liminal position in the doorway, his wielding a club rather than a higher-class weapon like a sword, and his stooping posture with his head covered by a hood.
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