Marm Lv 5VIII (Hálf 10)
Hubert Seelow (ed.) 2017, ‘Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka 10 (Marmennill, Lausavísur 5)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 313.
Bresta ‘break’
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1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split
mun ‘will’
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munu (verb): will, must
baug ‘The ring’
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baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring < baugrǫst (noun f.): [ring-land]
kennings
Baugröst‘The ring-path ’
= SHIELD
The ring-path → SHIELD
röst ‘path’
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1. rǫst (noun f.; °rastar; rastir): (a measure of distance) < baugrǫst (noun f.): [ring-land]
kennings
Baugröst‘The ring-path ’
= SHIELD
The ring-path → SHIELD
brá ‘flashed’
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bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change
notes
[2] mær ‘the girl’: The ms. reads mér ‘to me’, which most eds emend as here. Skj B retains mér and emends augum to fyr augu ‘before my eyes’.
augum ‘eyes’
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auga (noun n.; °auga; augu/augun, gen. augna): eye
um ‘around’
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1. um (prep.): about, around
heruð ‘the district’
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herað (noun n.; °-s; heruð): district
hingat ‘hither’
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hingat (adv.): (to) here
hegna ‘of the defenders’
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hegnir (noun m.): punisher
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
þegna ‘the men’
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þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin
Hafa ‘have’
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hafa (verb): have
skal ‘must’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
hverr ‘Each’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
drengr ‘brave fellow’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
hjör ‘of the sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrnjótr (noun m.): [sword-owner]
[6] hjörnjóts: ‘híor níot ok’ 2845
kennings
hjörnjóts‘of the sword-user ’
= WARRIOR
the sword-user → WARRIOR
notes
[6] hjörnjóts ‘of the sword-user [WARRIOR]’: The ms. reads ‘híor níot ok’, where ok is represented by a Tironian nota resembling a <z>. This can easily be mistaken for a final <z> denoting the genitive ending <s> and vice versa. The kenning hjörnjótr means ‘sword-owner, sword-user’ or possibly ‘sword-god’, as Njótr is also one of Óðinn’s names (see Meissner 261, 331-2; Þul Óðins 6/6III and Note).
njóts ‘user’
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njótr (noun m.): user, enjoyer < hjǫrnjótr (noun m.): [sword-owner]
[6] hjörnjóts: ‘híor níot ok’ 2845
kennings
hjörnjóts‘of the sword-user ’
= WARRIOR
the sword-user → WARRIOR
notes
[6] hjörnjóts ‘of the sword-user [WARRIOR]’: The ms. reads ‘híor níot ok’, where ok is represented by a Tironian nota resembling a <z>. This can easily be mistaken for a final <z> denoting the genitive ending <s> and vice versa. The kenning hjörnjótr means ‘sword-owner, sword-user’ or possibly ‘sword-god’, as Njótr is also one of Óðinn’s names (see Meissner 261, 331-2; Þul Óðins 6/6III and Note).
mörg ‘many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
spjót ‘spears’
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spjót (noun n.; °-s; -): spear
áðr ‘before’
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
komi ‘will’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
mikil ‘a great’
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
kennings
fram ‘then’
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
málma ‘weapon’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal < malmhríð (noun f.): weapon-storm
kennings
notes
[8] málmahríð ‘a weapon-storm [BATTLE]’: Skj B, Skald, Hálf 1909 and Edd. Min. emend to málmhríð with the same meaning but one fewer syllable to give a metrically regular line. In NN §2381 Kock expresses disapproval of the eds that needlessly change málmahríð to málmhríð, although málmhríð is printed in Skald. Málmahríð ‘weapon-storm’ is a kenning for ‘fight, battle’. Meissner 180 lists it as málmhríð with three examples. There is evidence that kennings for ‘man’ can also be formed with málm- as well as málma- (see Meissner 312).
hríð ‘storm’
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < malmhríð (noun f.): weapon-storm
kennings
notes
[8] málmahríð ‘a weapon-storm [BATTLE]’: Skj B, Skald, Hálf 1909 and Edd. Min. emend to málmhríð with the same meaning but one fewer syllable to give a metrically regular line. In NN §2381 Kock expresses disapproval of the eds that needlessly change málmahríð to málmhríð, although málmhríð is printed in Skald. Málmahríð ‘weapon-storm’ is a kenning for ‘fight, battle’. Meissner 180 lists it as málmhríð with three examples. There is evidence that kennings for ‘man’ can also be formed with málm- as well as málma- (see Meissner 312).
síðan ‘ensue’
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síðan (adv.): later, then
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This stanza is metrically highly irregular, with ll. 2-3 and 5 in fornyrðislag, and the remainder in various metres that Snorri Sturluson exemplified in SnSt Ht 74-8III; l. 4 is tøglag.
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