Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Stanzas from the Fourth Grammatical Treatise 28’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 604.
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
(not checked:)
2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
(not checked:)
karl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): (old) man
(not checked:)
3. ef (conj.): if
(not checked:)
3. kæra (verb): complain, bring a charge
(not checked:)
2. krankr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): [sick, hurtful]
[2] kraunk ‘hurtful’: Krankr is a late loan word from Middle Low German, used only here in poetry to mean ‘hurtful, insulting’; otherwise the sense is ‘weak, sick’ (cf. Anon Mey 36/3VII krankar kvinnur ‘sick women’).
(not checked:)
orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
(not checked:)
forðum (adv.): formerly, once
(not checked:)
1. feta (verb): follow, able to make
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
(not checked:)
várkunn (noun f.): compassion
(not checked:)
1. vinna (noun f.; °-u; -ur): achievement, deed
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
(not checked:)
kyrr (adj.): calm, quiet
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
(not checked:)
sitja (verb): sit
(not checked:)
2. fyrri (adv.): before, previously
(not checked:)
sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
(not checked:)
2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
(not checked:)
mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
(not checked:)
munu (verb): will, must
(not checked:)
nær (adv.): near, almost; when
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
(not checked:)
sem (conj.): as, which
(not checked:)
þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
(not checked:)
eyrir (noun m.; °eyris, dat. eyri; aurar): ounce, money, property
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
(not checked:)
hættiligr (adj.): [risky]
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This stanza is presented as the sole example of a rhetorical figure called in FoGT antiposora (Lat. antipophora, from a Greek word meaning ‘reply to a supposed objection’). It is defined in FoGT as ef maðr svarar þeim lvtvm, sem maðr byzt at kiæra á hann ꜳ þingi ok stendr vpp bvinn at segia framm sǫkina, enn seger æigi ‘if a man responds to those things that [another] man prepares himself to charge him with at the assembly, and stands up ready to declare the case, but does not speak’.
Stanza 28, in dróttkvætt metre, illustrates FoGT’s definition of antipophora to the extent that both prose explanation and stanza represent men engaged in legal disputes at an assembly. In the first helmingr, the speaker seems to be warning another man against bringing a charge against him, on the ground that he has changed from being compassionate to, presumably, taking a hard line in response. In the second helmingr he issues a barely veiled threat that if the other man proceeds to lay charges against him, that man will face financial ruin. This is not very close to the prose explanation of the figure (but see FoGT 2004, 205), and far from the basic sense of the Latin figure, which involves making an anticipated response to a tacit objection (cf. Reichling 1893, 176, ll. 2607-9; Wrobel 1887, 7, l. 79).
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.