Anon Mdr 17VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Máríudrápa 17’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 492-4.
Fagnaðu ‘Rejoice’
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fagna (verb; °-að-): welcome, rejoice
mær ‘maiden’
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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
af ‘with’
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af (prep.): from
megni ‘the power’
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meginn (adj.; °megnan; compar. megnari, superl. megnastr): strength
[1] megni: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]egne’ B
miskunnar ‘of mercy’
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miskunn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): forgiveness, mercy, grace
[2] miskunnar: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]skunnar’ B
full ‘over’
[2] fullrunnin: ‘fullr[...]nn[...]’ B, fullrunnum 399a‑bˣ, ‘fullr(u)nni(n)’(?) BRydberg
notes
[2] fullrunnin ‘overflowing’: The 399a-bˣ copyist read fullrunnum with certainty. This participial adj. may be construed with megni miskunnar to give the prose arrangement fagnaðu mær af fullrunnum megni miskunnar ‘rejoice maiden from the overflowing power of mercy’. However, Rydberg read fullrunnin and this may be taken as f. nom. sg., agreeing with mær ‘maiden’. Fullrunnin af megni miskunnar ‘overflowing with the power of mercy’ is likely to be a calque on the familiar Marian epithet gratia plena ‘full of grace’, which originates in the Ave Maria, Gabriel’s words at the Annunciation (Luke I.28). Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reconstructs miskunnar full brunni, translating glæd dig kraftig, mø, fuld af nådens kilde ‘rejoice strongly, maiden, full from the spring of mercy’. Kock (NN §1642) accepts Finnur’s reconstruction, but dismisses his translation, on the grounds that det är fagna, icke fullr, sem brukar konstrueras med dativ ‘it is fagna, not fullr, which should be construed with the dat.’. Fullr, he asserts (correctly), invariably governs the gen. Kock translates: gläd dig, jungfru, innerligen / över nådens fulla brunn ‘rejoice fervently, maiden, over mercy’s full spring’. Brunnr miskunnar ‘spring of mercy’ seems to be understood as an implicit Christ-kenning in Kock’s interpretation.
runnum ‘’
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runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree < (unknown) (unclassified)
runnin ‘flowing’
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2. renna (verb): run (strong) < (unknown) (unclassified)
[2] fullrunnin: ‘fullr[...]nn[...]’ B, fullrunnum 399a‑bˣ, ‘fullr(u)nni(n)’(?) BRydberg
notes
[2] fullrunnin ‘overflowing’: The 399a-bˣ copyist read fullrunnum with certainty. This participial adj. may be construed with megni miskunnar to give the prose arrangement fagnaðu mær af fullrunnum megni miskunnar ‘rejoice maiden from the overflowing power of mercy’. However, Rydberg read fullrunnin and this may be taken as f. nom. sg., agreeing with mær ‘maiden’. Fullrunnin af megni miskunnar ‘overflowing with the power of mercy’ is likely to be a calque on the familiar Marian epithet gratia plena ‘full of grace’, which originates in the Ave Maria, Gabriel’s words at the Annunciation (Luke I.28). Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reconstructs miskunnar full brunni, translating glæd dig kraftig, mø, fuld af nådens kilde ‘rejoice strongly, maiden, full from the spring of mercy’. Kock (NN §1642) accepts Finnur’s reconstruction, but dismisses his translation, on the grounds that det är fagna, icke fullr, sem brukar konstrueras med dativ ‘it is fagna, not fullr, which should be construed with the dat.’. Fullr, he asserts (correctly), invariably governs the gen. Kock translates: gläd dig, jungfru, innerligen / över nådens fulla brunn ‘rejoice fervently, maiden, over mercy’s full spring’. Brunnr miskunnar ‘spring of mercy’ seems to be understood as an implicit Christ-kenning in Kock’s interpretation.
dýr ‘precious one’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
gaztu ‘you conceived’
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
oss ‘’
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
öll ‘’
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allr (adj.): all
orð ‘the word’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
[3] orð: ‘[...]’ B, öll 399a‑bˣ, oss BRydberg, BFJ
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
orði ‘the word’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
[3] orði: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘[...]e’ B, ‘[...]’ BFJ
orð ‘the word’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
[4] orð: ‘[...]’ B, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘oṛð̣’ 399a‑bˣ
kennings
orð guðs.‘the word of God. ’
= Christ
the word of God. → Christ
guðs ‘of God’
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
kennings
orð guðs.‘the word of God. ’
= Christ
the word of God. → Christ
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
bænir ‘’
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bœn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): request, prayer
bart* ‘bore’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
[4] bart*: ‘barth’ B, 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, bænir BFJ
forðum ‘once’
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forðum (adv.): formerly, once
[4] forðum: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]’ B, ‘frodan’ BRydberg, ‘frodv’ BFJ
Fagnaðu ‘Rejoice’
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fagna (verb; °-að-): welcome, rejoice
orð ‘’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
jörð ‘earth’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
[5] jörð: so 399a‑bˣ, orð B, ‘(i)o᷎rd’(?) BRydberg, ‘[...]o᷎rd’ BFJ
notes
[5] jörð … orðin: Although B is defective, both the Lat. word tellus ‘earth’ and the verse context indicate that the second word of l. 5 must be jörð. Parallel ll. in subsequent sts (i.e. 19/1. 19/5, 20/1), as well as the first l. of this st., suggest that a vocative is required. Both Rydberg and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopt 399a-bˣ’s reading and it is also adopted here. Vowel-alliteration may be preserved if the scribal ‘vorden’ (p.p. of verða ‘to become’) is normalised to orðin (ANG §§235.1, 490.2 and 3; CVC: verða).
því ‘since’
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því (adv.): therefore, because
að ‘’
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4. at (conj.): that
orðin ‘grown’
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1. verða (verb): become, be
notes
[5] jörð … orðin: Although B is defective, both the Lat. word tellus ‘earth’ and the verse context indicate that the second word of l. 5 must be jörð. Parallel ll. in subsequent sts (i.e. 19/1. 19/5, 20/1), as well as the first l. of this st., suggest that a vocative is required. Both Rydberg and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopt 399a-bˣ’s reading and it is also adopted here. Vowel-alliteration may be preserved if the scribal ‘vorden’ (p.p. of verða ‘to become’) is normalised to orðin (ANG §§235.1, 490.2 and 3; CVC: verða).
alfr ‘fully’
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alfr (noun m.; °; -ar): elf < alfrjávaðr (adj.)
[6] alfrjávuð*: ‘alfriafuðan’ B
fekkt ‘you received’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[6] fekkt: ‘[...]ck’ B, ‘feck’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘fickt’ BRydberg, ‘[...]’ BFJ
hávan ‘the high’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
kennings
hávan ávöxt lífs‘the high fruit of life ’
= Christ
the high fruit of life → Christ
lífs ‘of life’
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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life
kennings
hávan ávöxt lífs‘the high fruit of life ’
= Christ
the high fruit of life → Christ
ávöxt ‘fruit’
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ávǫxtr (noun m.; °·vaxtar (auoxtar DN IV (1342) 223¹), dat. ·vexti; acc. ·vǫxtu): fruit; offspring
kennings
hávan ávöxt lífs‘the high fruit of life ’
= Christ
the high fruit of life → Christ
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
leyfðan ‘the praised’
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leyfðr (adj./verb p.p.): celebrated
kennings
leyfðan blóma leyndardóma.‘the praised flower of mysteries.’
= Christ
the praised flower of mysteries. → Christ
leyndardóma ‘of mysteries’
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leyndardómr (noun m.)
[8] leyndardóma: ‘l[...]d[...]mma’ B, ‘ley[...]do[...]a’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘l[...]d(om)a’(?) BRydberg, ‘l[...]’ BFJ
kennings
leyfðan blóma leyndardóma.‘the praised flower of mysteries.’
= Christ
the praised flower of mysteries. → Christ
notes
[8] leyndardóma ‘of mysteries’: Emendation suggested by Jón Sigurðsson in a marginal note to 444ˣ and adopted by all eds.
blóma ‘flower’
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blómi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flower
[8] blóma: ‘blom[...]’ B, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘blome’ 399a‑bˣ
kennings
leyfðan blóma leyndardóma.‘the praised flower of mysteries.’
= Christ
the praised flower of mysteries. → Christ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Here begins the poet’s rendition of the antiphon Gaude virgo gratiosa ‘Rejoice, virgin full of grace’ (AH 9, 54, no. 66; Schottmann 1973, 519) which extends to st. 19. Lines 1-2 render the first l. of the Lat. hymn. B is illegible in many places, so the readings of previous transcribers, notably the 399a-bˣ transcriber and Rydberg, have been drawn on to reconstruct the text. — [3-4]: These ll. are difficult and the ms. readings uncertain in several places. However, they should correspond to the 2nd l. of the Lat. hymn, verbum verbo concepisti ‘you conceived the word from the word’. This can be achieved with a small number of emendations, viz., orð (l. 3) and orð again (l. 4), while accepting 399a-bˣ’s readings orði (l. 3) and forðum (l. 4). B’s ‘barth’ (l. 4) is understood as the 2nd pers. sg. pret. of bera ‘to bear’. Finnur Jónsson offers no interpretation of ll. 3-4, and reproduces only those words which are clearly legible in B. Kock (Skald) conjectures dýr gazt oss af ærnu | óð guðs ok bæn fróða ‘glorious, you have provided us amply with song and wise prayer to God’, which makes sense, but bears little relation to what of the text is preserved. It is clear from sts 19 and 20, which are concerned with the Resurrection and Ascension of Christ and the Coronation of the Virgin, that st. 17 is the first part of an evocation of the five joys of Mary. This st. should therefore deal with the Annunciation and the Nativity. — [5-8]: Compare ll. 3-4 of the hymn Gaude virgo gratiosa: Gaude, tellus fructuosa, / fructum vitae protulisti ‘Rejoice, fruitful earth, you bore the fruit of life’.
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