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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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StarkSt Vík 2VIII (Gautr 10)

Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Gautreks saga 10 (Starkaðr gamli Stórvirksson, Víkarsbálkr 2)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 256.

Starkaðr gamli StórvirkssonVíkarsbálkr
123

Herr ‘The army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host

[1] Herr: hers papp11ˣ

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tapaðiz ‘perished’

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tapa (verb): lose, abolish

[1] tapaðiz: so 152, ‘hraudtudr’ 590b‑cˣ, ‘hrvdur’ papp11ˣ

notes

[1] tapaðiz ‘perished’: The readings of 590b-cˣ and papp11ˣ do not offer a satisfactory alternative here, either metrically or in terms of sense, even though Gautr 1900 and Edd. Min. offer the cpd herhrǫðuðr or the emended ok herhrǫðuðr, which are construed with the last two lines of Vík 1 (Gautr 9), though no interpretation is offered. The cpd hrǫtuðr occurs as a fire-heiti in Þul Elds 1/7III in the sense ‘stumbling’, possibly related to hrata ‘stagger, tumble’, but this does not seem either syntactically or lexically appropriate here.

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Haralds ‘of Haraldr’

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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr

notes

[2] Haralds ins egðska ‘of Haraldr inn egðski (“from Agder”)’: A Haraldr, king of Agder, termed Haraldr inn granrauði ‘Haraldr Red-whiskers’, is mentioned in Yng ch. 48 (ÍF 26, 79-80) as being killed by the Ynglingr ruler Guðrøðr, the subject of Þjóð Yt 25I. Guðrøðr asked for Haraldr’s daughter Ása in marriage but was refused. However, this man must be different from the Haraldr, father of Víkarr, in Gautr; see Context to Vík 3 (Gautr 11) below.

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ins ‘inn’

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2. inn (art.): the

notes

[2] Haralds ins egðska ‘of Haraldr inn egðski (“from Agder”)’: A Haraldr, king of Agder, termed Haraldr inn granrauði ‘Haraldr Red-whiskers’, is mentioned in Yng ch. 48 (ÍF 26, 79-80) as being killed by the Ynglingr ruler Guðrøðr, the subject of Þjóð Yt 25I. Guðrøðr asked for Haraldr’s daughter Ása in marriage but was refused. However, this man must be different from the Haraldr, father of Víkarr, in Gautr; see Context to Vík 3 (Gautr 11) below.

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egðska ‘egðski’

(not checked:)
egðskr (adj.)

notes

[2] Haralds ins egðska ‘of Haraldr inn egðski (“from Agder”)’: A Haraldr, king of Agder, termed Haraldr inn granrauði ‘Haraldr Red-whiskers’, is mentioned in Yng ch. 48 (ÍF 26, 79-80) as being killed by the Ynglingr ruler Guðrøðr, the subject of Þjóð Yt 25I. Guðrøðr asked for Haraldr’s daughter Ása in marriage but was refused. However, this man must be different from the Haraldr, father of Víkarr, in Gautr; see Context to Vík 3 (Gautr 11) below.

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ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

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men ‘the necklace’

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2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring < menbroti (noun m.): necklace-breaker

[3] menbrota: ‘menn breta’ 590b‑cˣ, meinbrota papp11ˣ

kennings

menbrota.
‘the necklace-breaker. ’
   = GENEROUS MAN = Stórvirkr

the necklace-breaker. → GENEROUS MAN = Stórvirkr

notes

[3] menbrota ‘the necklace-breaker [GENEROUS MAN = Stórvirkr]’: A common kenning-type, whose referent is presumably Starkaðr’s father, Stórvirkr. The cpd menbroti occurs also in two poems probably of the early C13th, Bjbp Jóms 42/3I and GSvert1/2IV.

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brota ‘breaker’

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broti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): breaker < menbroti (noun m.): necklace-breaker

[3] menbrota: ‘menn breta’ 590b‑cˣ, meinbrota papp11ˣ

kennings

menbrota.
‘the necklace-breaker. ’
   = GENEROUS MAN = Stórvirkr

the necklace-breaker. → GENEROUS MAN = Stórvirkr

notes

[3] menbrota ‘the necklace-breaker [GENEROUS MAN = Stórvirkr]’: A common kenning-type, whose referent is presumably Starkaðr’s father, Stórvirkr. The cpd menbroti occurs also in two poems probably of the early C13th, Bjbp Jóms 42/3I and GSvert1/2IV.

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véltu ‘betrayed’

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véla (verb): betray, trick

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Fjöri ‘Fjǫri’

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fjǫri (noun m.)

[5] Fjöri: Fjörvi papp11ˣ

notes

[5] Fjöri ‘Fjǫri’: In some mss, here represented by papp11ˣ, this character’s name is given as Fjörvi, a form adopted by Skj B and Skald.

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ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

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Fýri ‘Fýri’

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Fýri (noun f.): [Fyrisån]

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Freka ‘of Freki’

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Freki (noun m.): Freki

notes

[6] arfþegar Freka ‘heirs of Freki’: Freki, the father of Starkaðr’s mother Unnr, is said in the prose text to be from Hålogaland in the north of Norway. The noun Freki, related to the adj. frekr ‘ravenous’, can be applied to a wolf (cf. Vsp 51/6), as well as to fire and warriors (cf. LT: freki). The cpd arfþegi ‘heir’, lit. ‘inheritance receiver’, also occurs in Gautr 16/3 and Ív Sig 30/7II, a poem that Ranisch considered (Gautr 1900, cviii) may have been influenced by Vík, though the influence may well have gone the other way.

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arfþegar ‘heirs’

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arfþegi (noun m.): heir

[6] arfþegar: so 152, arfþegar with ‘arfa’ written in left margin and final a crossed through 590b‑cˣ, arfþegar preceded by ‘arfa’ crossed through papp11ˣ

notes

[6] arfþegar Freka ‘heirs of Freki’: Freki, the father of Starkaðr’s mother Unnr, is said in the prose text to be from Hålogaland in the north of Norway. The noun Freki, related to the adj. frekr ‘ravenous’, can be applied to a wolf (cf. Vsp 51/6), as well as to fire and warriors (cf. LT: freki). The cpd arfþegi ‘heir’, lit. ‘inheritance receiver’, also occurs in Gautr 16/3 and Ív Sig 30/7II, a poem that Ranisch considered (Gautr 1900, cviii) may have been influenced by Vík, though the influence may well have gone the other way.

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Unnar ‘Unnr’

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Unnr (noun m.): Unnr

[7] Unnar: ‘unar’ 152

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eiðu ‘mother’

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1. eiða (noun f.): mother

notes

[8] eiðu ‘mother’: An uncommon noun, largely poetic; Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108) explains Eiða heitir móðirEiða is a name for mother’. Eiða is cognate with Goth. aiþei and MHG eide, both meaning ‘mother’, OIr. aite ‘father’ (AEW: eiða).

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minnar ‘of my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

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As for Vík 1 (Gautr 9). This stanza follows it without a break.

[7]: This line is in kviðuháttr.

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