Anon Líkn 8^VII

Beiðandi ‘Entreating’

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beiða (verb; °-dd-): ask, request

kveð ‘summon’

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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

bæði ‘both’

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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both

notes

[1-2] bæði bræðr ok systr at kvæði ‘both brothers and sisters to my poem’: Metrically the first couplet is unusual on two grounds: the runhenda-like end-rhyme of bæði and kvæði, and aðalhending of historical <œ> (brœðr < bróðir) and <æ> (kvæði) in l. 2. Troubled by these features, and noting that in all other instances the poem is consistent in matching historical <œ>-rhymes (3 times, including tœnað: bœna (l. 4)) and <æ>-rhymes (8 times), Konráð Gíslason 1869, 146 suggested emending kvæði to frœði ‘learning, history’, which Rydberg adopts and Skj B cites as an alternative in the prose arrangement. Even though the aðalhending here is anomalous, emendation is unnecessary. By C13th, the distinction in ligatures was lost in Iceland; <œ> was absorbed into <æ> (Halldór Halldórsson 1950, 47; cf. CVC: æ). B does not differentiate, using <e᷎> for both. Addressing a congregation as ‘brothers and sisters’ is common in homilies (e.g. HómÍsl 1993, 4v, 22r, 40r; HómÍsl 1872, 10, 45, 87); cf. systkyn ‘brothers and sisters’ 46/7.

bræðr ‘brothers’

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bróðir (noun m.; °bróður/brǿðr/bróðurs, dat. bróður/brǿðr/breðr, acc. bróður/brǿðr; brǿðr/bróðr/breðr (brǿðrirnir Jvs291 75¹⁴), gen. brǿ---): brother

notes

[1-2] bæði bræðr ok systr at kvæði ‘both brothers and sisters to my poem’: Metrically the first couplet is unusual on two grounds: the runhenda-like end-rhyme of bæði and kvæði, and aðalhending of historical <œ> (brœðr < bróðir) and <æ> (kvæði) in l. 2. Troubled by these features, and noting that in all other instances the poem is consistent in matching historical <œ>-rhymes (3 times, including tœnað: bœna (l. 4)) and <æ>-rhymes (8 times), Konráð Gíslason 1869, 146 suggested emending kvæði to frœði ‘learning, history’, which Rydberg adopts and Skj B cites as an alternative in the prose arrangement. Even though the aðalhending here is anomalous, emendation is unnecessary. By C13th, the distinction in ligatures was lost in Iceland; <œ> was absorbed into <æ> (Halldór Halldórsson 1950, 47; cf. CVC: æ). B does not differentiate, using <e᷎> for both. Addressing a congregation as ‘brothers and sisters’ is common in homilies (e.g. HómÍsl 1993, 4v, 22r, 40r; HómÍsl 1872, 10, 45, 87); cf. systkyn ‘brothers and sisters’ 46/7.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[1-2] bæði bræðr ok systr at kvæði ‘both brothers and sisters to my poem’: Metrically the first couplet is unusual on two grounds: the runhenda-like end-rhyme of bæði and kvæði, and aðalhending of historical <œ> (brœðr < bróðir) and <æ> (kvæði) in l. 2. Troubled by these features, and noting that in all other instances the poem is consistent in matching historical <œ>-rhymes (3 times, including tœnað: bœna (l. 4)) and <æ>-rhymes (8 times), Konráð Gíslason 1869, 146 suggested emending kvæði to frœði ‘learning, history’, which Rydberg adopts and Skj B cites as an alternative in the prose arrangement. Even though the aðalhending here is anomalous, emendation is unnecessary. By C13th, the distinction in ligatures was lost in Iceland; <œ> was absorbed into <æ> (Halldór Halldórsson 1950, 47; cf. CVC: æ). B does not differentiate, using <e᷎> for both. Addressing a congregation as ‘brothers and sisters’ is common in homilies (e.g. HómÍsl 1993, 4v, 22r, 40r; HómÍsl 1872, 10, 45, 87); cf. systkyn ‘brothers and sisters’ 46/7.

systr ‘sisters’

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systir (noun f.; °systur; systur): sister

notes

[1-2] bæði bræðr ok systr at kvæði ‘both brothers and sisters to my poem’: Metrically the first couplet is unusual on two grounds: the runhenda-like end-rhyme of bæði and kvæði, and aðalhending of historical <œ> (brœðr < bróðir) and <æ> (kvæði) in l. 2. Troubled by these features, and noting that in all other instances the poem is consistent in matching historical <œ>-rhymes (3 times, including tœnað: bœna (l. 4)) and <æ>-rhymes (8 times), Konráð Gíslason 1869, 146 suggested emending kvæði to frœði ‘learning, history’, which Rydberg adopts and Skj B cites as an alternative in the prose arrangement. Even though the aðalhending here is anomalous, emendation is unnecessary. By C13th, the distinction in ligatures was lost in Iceland; <œ> was absorbed into <æ> (Halldór Halldórsson 1950, 47; cf. CVC: æ). B does not differentiate, using <e᷎> for both. Addressing a congregation as ‘brothers and sisters’ is common in homilies (e.g. HómÍsl 1993, 4v, 22r, 40r; HómÍsl 1872, 10, 45, 87); cf. systkyn ‘brothers and sisters’ 46/7.

at ‘to’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

notes

[1-2] bæði bræðr ok systr at kvæði ‘both brothers and sisters to my poem’: Metrically the first couplet is unusual on two grounds: the runhenda-like end-rhyme of bæði and kvæði, and aðalhending of historical <œ> (brœðr < bróðir) and <æ> (kvæði) in l. 2. Troubled by these features, and noting that in all other instances the poem is consistent in matching historical <œ>-rhymes (3 times, including tœnað: bœna (l. 4)) and <æ>-rhymes (8 times), Konráð Gíslason 1869, 146 suggested emending kvæði to frœði ‘learning, history’, which Rydberg adopts and Skj B cites as an alternative in the prose arrangement. Even though the aðalhending here is anomalous, emendation is unnecessary. By C13th, the distinction in ligatures was lost in Iceland; <œ> was absorbed into <æ> (Halldór Halldórsson 1950, 47; cf. CVC: æ). B does not differentiate, using <e᷎> for both. Addressing a congregation as ‘brothers and sisters’ is common in homilies (e.g. HómÍsl 1993, 4v, 22r, 40r; HómÍsl 1872, 10, 45, 87); cf. systkyn ‘brothers and sisters’ 46/7.

kvæði ‘poem’

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kvæði (noun n.; °-s; -): poem

notes

[1-2] bæði bræðr ok systr at kvæði ‘both brothers and sisters to my poem’: Metrically the first couplet is unusual on two grounds: the runhenda-like end-rhyme of bæði and kvæði, and aðalhending of historical <œ> (brœðr < bróðir) and <æ> (kvæði) in l. 2. Troubled by these features, and noting that in all other instances the poem is consistent in matching historical <œ>-rhymes (3 times, including tœnað: bœna (l. 4)) and <æ>-rhymes (8 times), Konráð Gíslason 1869, 146 suggested emending kvæði to frœði ‘learning, history’, which Rydberg adopts and Skj B cites as an alternative in the prose arrangement. Even though the aðalhending here is anomalous, emendation is unnecessary. By C13th, the distinction in ligatures was lost in Iceland; <œ> was absorbed into <æ> (Halldór Halldórsson 1950, 47; cf. CVC: æ). B does not differentiate, using <e᷎> for both. Addressing a congregation as ‘brothers and sisters’ is common in homilies (e.g. HómÍsl 1993, 4v, 22r, 40r; HómÍsl 1872, 10, 45, 87); cf. systkyn ‘brothers and sisters’ 46/7.

öll ‘all’

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allr (adj.): all

veiti ‘grant’

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2. veita (verb): grant, give

þér ‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

ítran ‘excellent’

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ítr (adj.): glorious

yðarn ‘your’

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yðvarr (pron.; °f. yður; pl. yðrir): your

tænað ‘help’

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tœnaðr (noun m.): assistance, help

mér ‘me’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

bæna ‘of prayers’

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bœn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): request, prayer

vizku ‘in wisdom’

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vizka (noun f.; °-u): wisdom

stærðr ‘very great’

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stœra (verb): increase, strengthen

[5] stærðr: ‘s[...]dr’ B, ‘stịṛḍr’ 399a‑bˣ

notes

[5] stærðr ‘increased, very great’: B ‘s[...]dr’; 399a-bˣ stirðr ‘stiff’, but in a n. possibly stirðum even though the final ‘r’ is clear. The ‘t’ was visible at the time of the 399a-bˣ transcription; a remnant of a hook, suggesting ‘e᷎’ or ‘o᷎’, can still be seen; and skothending with virð- requires <r> before <ð>. In a marginal note to 444ˣ, Sveinbjörn Egilsson first suggested skýrðr ‘made clear’ (so Skj B), but crossed it out and replaced it with stærðr, which he employs in his edn (1844, 37); so also Rydberg 1907, 48 and Skald (cf. NN §1389). In poetry stærðr often functions as an intensive of stórr ‘great’, i.e. ‘very great’ (cf. afli stærðr ‘very strong’ Ólhv Hryn 12/1^II and þrekstærðr ‘very powerful’ Bjbp Jóms 34/5^I, Sturl Hrafn 12/5^II), and this sense seems appropriate here.

at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

virðiz ‘might deign’

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2. virða (verb): value, appraise

veðr ‘of the storm’

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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrskrín (noun n.)

[6] veðrskríns: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘v[...]d[...]skrins’ B

kennings

veðr ‘of the storm’

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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrskrín (noun n.)

[6] veðrskríns: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘v[...]d[...]skrins’ B

kennings

skríns ‘shrine’

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skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine < veðrskrín (noun n.)

[6] veðrskríns: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘v[...]d[...]skrins’ B

kennings

skríns ‘shrine’

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skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine < veðrskrín (noun n.)

[6] veðrskríns: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘v[...]d[...]skrins’ B

kennings

jöfurr ‘the prince’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

kennings

mínum ‘to my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

nýtr ‘potent’

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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able

er ‘is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

nauð ‘’

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neyð (noun f.; °dat. -): need, distress

náð ‘grace’

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náð (noun f.; °-ar; náðir/náðr): grace, peace

[7] náð sem: nauð sem B, 399a‑bˣ

notes

[7] náð ‘grace’: B, 399a-bˣ nauð. Sveinbjörn Egilsson emends to náð ‘grace’, adopted by Rydberg and here. Salvaging ms. nauð ‘need’ would require a stretched meaning of heita – ‘useful is he (i.e. the poet) who names (i.e. points out)/promises need’ – but this is not very satisfactory. Skj B (followed by Skald), having emended ms. nauð sem to nauðsyn ‘necessity’ construes er nauðsyn heitir to mean ‘as necessity demands’, but no ON dictionary gives ‘demand’ as a meaning for heita. (Despite this emendation in Skj B, LP under nýtr has nýtr es nð sem heitir, i.e., as here, ‘useful, potent is he who promises grace’.) In its theological sense, náð ‘grace’ (otherwise ‘rest, peace’, both of which could also work here) appears rather late in Icel. CVC dates it to C14th, but Fritzner gives some C13th instances. If the emendation is correct, this would be the earliest such use in poetry; cf. Anon Lil 12/4, Kálf Kátr 48/6, EGils Guðkv 28/7^IV, Árni Gd 41/4^IV, and Anon Vitn 14/4 (nýtar náðir).

sem ‘who’

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sem (conj.): as, which

[7] náð sem: nauð sem B, 399a‑bˣ

heitir ‘promises’

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2. heita (verb): be called, promise

nálægr ‘close’

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nálægja (verb): [close]

vera ‘to be’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

málum ‘utterances’

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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter