StarkSt Vík 4VIII (Gautr 12)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Gautreks saga 12 (Starkaðr gamli Stórvirksson, Víkarsbálkr 4)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 258.
Þré ‘at the age of three’
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þrír (num. cardinal): three < þrévetr (adj.): three-year-old
notes
[1] þrévetran ‘at the age of three years’: Lit. ‘being three winters’.
vetran ‘years’
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vetr (noun m.; °vetrar/vetrs(HómHauksb³ 173²³), dat. vetri; vetr): winter < þrévetr (adj.): three-year-old
[1] ‑vetran: so 152, papp11ˣ, ‑veturn 590b‑cˣ
notes
[1] þrévetran ‘at the age of three years’: Lit. ‘being three winters’.
mik ‘me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
þaðan ‘off’
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þaðan (adv.): from there
af ‘from there’
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2. af (adv.): from
flutti ‘carried’
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flytja (verb): convey, move
Hrosshárs ‘Hrosshárs’
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hrosshár (noun n.) < Hrosshársgrani (noun m.)
notes
[3] Hrosshárs-Grani ‘Hrosshárs-Grani (“Horse-hair Grani”)’: Lit. ‘Horse-hair’s Grani’. Grani ‘bewhiskered one’ (AEW: grani) was the name of the legendary hero Sigurðr’s horse. Later in the saga, the figure of Hrosshárs-Grani is revealed to be a manifestation of the god Óðinn (cf. Þul Óðins 4/7III and Note there). Óðinn is associated with horses in several contexts in Old Norse myth, and this may point to his connection with a horse cult (cf. Falk 1924; Simek 1993, 161, 293-4).
Grani ‘Grani’
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Grani (noun m.): Grani < Hrosshársgrani (noun m.)
[3] ‑Grani: ‘granne’ 152
notes
[3] Hrosshárs-Grani ‘Hrosshárs-Grani (“Horse-hair Grani”)’: Lit. ‘Horse-hair’s Grani’. Grani ‘bewhiskered one’ (AEW: grani) was the name of the legendary hero Sigurðr’s horse. Later in the saga, the figure of Hrosshárs-Grani is revealed to be a manifestation of the god Óðinn (cf. Þul Óðins 4/7III and Note there). Óðinn is associated with horses in several contexts in Old Norse myth, and this may point to his connection with a horse cult (cf. Falk 1924; Simek 1993, 161, 293-4).
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
Hörðalands ‘Hordaland’
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Hǫrðaland (noun n.)
Nam ‘grew’
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1. nema (verb): to take
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
á ‘at’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[5] á Aski ‘at Askr’: The farm Askr was presumably located at or near the modern village of Ask on the island of Askøy (ON Fenhring), immediately north-west of Bergen and now connected to the city by a bridge.
notes
[5] á Aski ‘at Askr’: The farm Askr was presumably located at or near the modern village of Ask on the island of Askøy (ON Fenhring), immediately north-west of Bergen and now connected to the city by a bridge.
upp ‘up’
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upp (adv.): up
at ‘’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
vaxa ‘’
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vaxa (verb): grow, increase
niðja ‘my kinsmen’
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1. niðr (noun m.; °-s; niðjar/niðir, acc. niði): son, kinsman, relative
á ‘for’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
níu ‘nine’
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níu (num. cardinal): nine
vetrum ‘winters’
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vetr (noun m.; °vetrar/vetrs(HómHauksb³ 173²³), dat. vetri; vetr): winter
[8] vetrum: sumrum 152, papp11ˣ
notes
[8] vetrum ‘winters’: Years were usually measured in winters rather than summers in early Scandinavia, as in other Germanic cultures. Sumrum may have been chosen here by some scribes out of a false belief that the alliteration of ll. 7-8 was on <s> rather than <n>. The age of twelve (9+3) was considered the age of adulthood in early Scandinavia, though later medieval sources place it at sixteen (cf. Grg Ib, 22; Dennis et al. 1980-2000, II, 46).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Following the information given in the Context to Gautr 11, the prose text goes on to mention one of the important men in King Herþjófr’s army called Grani, or Hrosshárs-Grani; on this name, see Note to line 3 below. He lived on the island of Fenhring (now Askøy near Bergen; cf. Þul Eyja 4/4III and Note) off the coast of Hordaland at a farm called Askr. Grani abducted Starkaðr, who was then aged three, and took him home to Fenhring, where he stayed for nine years. Gautr 11 and 12 are introduced with Svá segir Starkaðr ‘so says Starkaðr’.
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