FriðÞ Lv 32VIII (Frið 38)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna 38 (Friðþjófr Þorsteinsson, Lausavísur 32)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 237.
Bú ‘May you’
[1] Bú þú Hringr konungr: Hringr konungr 27ˣ
þú ‘live’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[1] Bú þú Hringr konungr: Hringr konungr 27ˣ
Hringr ‘Hringr’
(not checked:)
2. Hringr (noun m.; °-s): Hringr
[1] Bú þú Hringr konungr: Hringr konungr 27ˣ
konungr ‘King’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
[1] Bú þú Hringr konungr: Hringr konungr 27ˣ
heill ‘fortunate’
(not checked:)
3. heill (adj.; °heilan; compar. heilli, superl. -astr/-str): healthy, hale, hail
[2] heill ok lengi: heill vertu lengi 27ˣ
æztr ‘the foremost’
(not checked:)
œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher
öðlinga ‘of princes’
(not checked:)
ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
[3] öðlinga: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, konungr öðlinga 510, buðlungr papp17ˣ, buðlunga 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
undir ‘beneath’
(not checked:)
undir (prep.): under
notes
[4] undir hausi Ymis ‘beneath the skull of Ymir <giant> [SKY/HEAVEN]’: Most eds (Edd. Min.; Skj B; Skald; Frið 1914) have favoured this reading which is present in Holm10 VI (‘hosi’) and 27ˣ (‘hause’). This kenning alludes to the Old Norse myth of how Óðinn and his brothers Vili and Vé fashion the sky out of the skull of the primaeval giant Ymir, whom they had killed (Gylf, SnE 2005, 12). The sky-kenning hauss Ymis occurs also in Arn Magndr 19/4II, but not elsewhere in Old Norse poetry. Its use here may be a conscious archaism; most of the other mss support the notion of a sky-kenning, but avoid the mythological allusion. Ms. 510 has skauti Vendils ‘the corner [district] of Vendill’, presumably referring to the Swedish district of Vendel, north of Uppsala (on Vendill, see Þjóð Yt 15/8I, Note to [All]). The reference to Vendel seems misplaced here and may indicate scribal misunderstanding. The B redaction mss have a lectio facilior, undir skauti heims ‘beneath the corner of the world’ [SKY], which has been adopted in Frið 1901. The use of the word skaut here relates to its meaning in the cpd himinskaut (often pl.) ‘corner, surface of the heavens, sky’, which depends on the idea that the sky is a kind of cloth held taut at its four corners by four dwarfs, representing each of the four cardinal directions (cf. SnE 2005, 12).
Ymis ‘of Ymir <giant>’
(not checked:)
Ymir (noun m.): Ymir
[4] Ymis: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, Vendils 510, heims papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
kennings
hausi Ymis.‘the skull of Ymir <giant>. ’
= SKY/HEAVEN
the skull of Ymir <giant>. → SKY/HEAVEN
notes
[4] undir hausi Ymis ‘beneath the skull of Ymir <giant> [SKY/HEAVEN]’: Most eds (Edd. Min.; Skj B; Skald; Frið 1914) have favoured this reading which is present in Holm10 VI (‘hosi’) and 27ˣ (‘hause’). This kenning alludes to the Old Norse myth of how Óðinn and his brothers Vili and Vé fashion the sky out of the skull of the primaeval giant Ymir, whom they had killed (Gylf, SnE 2005, 12). The sky-kenning hauss Ymis occurs also in Arn Magndr 19/4II, but not elsewhere in Old Norse poetry. Its use here may be a conscious archaism; most of the other mss support the notion of a sky-kenning, but avoid the mythological allusion. Ms. 510 has skauti Vendils ‘the corner [district] of Vendill’, presumably referring to the Swedish district of Vendel, north of Uppsala (on Vendill, see Þjóð Yt 15/8I, Note to [All]). The reference to Vendel seems misplaced here and may indicate scribal misunderstanding. The B redaction mss have a lectio facilior, undir skauti heims ‘beneath the corner of the world’ [SKY], which has been adopted in Frið 1901. The use of the word skaut here relates to its meaning in the cpd himinskaut (often pl.) ‘corner, surface of the heavens, sky’, which depends on the idea that the sky is a kind of cloth held taut at its four corners by four dwarfs, representing each of the four cardinal directions (cf. SnE 2005, 12).
hausi ‘the skull’
(not checked:)
hauss (noun m.; °hauss, dat. hausi/haus; hausar): skull
[4] hausi (‘hosi’): so Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, skauti 510, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, ljósi 568ˣ
kennings
hausi Ymis.‘the skull of Ymir <giant>. ’
= SKY/HEAVEN
the skull of Ymir <giant>. → SKY/HEAVEN
notes
[4] undir hausi Ymis ‘beneath the skull of Ymir <giant> [SKY/HEAVEN]’: Most eds (Edd. Min.; Skj B; Skald; Frið 1914) have favoured this reading which is present in Holm10 VI (‘hosi’) and 27ˣ (‘hause’). This kenning alludes to the Old Norse myth of how Óðinn and his brothers Vili and Vé fashion the sky out of the skull of the primaeval giant Ymir, whom they had killed (Gylf, SnE 2005, 12). The sky-kenning hauss Ymis occurs also in Arn Magndr 19/4II, but not elsewhere in Old Norse poetry. Its use here may be a conscious archaism; most of the other mss support the notion of a sky-kenning, but avoid the mythological allusion. Ms. 510 has skauti Vendils ‘the corner [district] of Vendill’, presumably referring to the Swedish district of Vendel, north of Uppsala (on Vendill, see Þjóð Yt 15/8I, Note to [All]). The reference to Vendel seems misplaced here and may indicate scribal misunderstanding. The B redaction mss have a lectio facilior, undir skauti heims ‘beneath the corner of the world’ [SKY], which has been adopted in Frið 1901. The use of the word skaut here relates to its meaning in the cpd himinskaut (often pl.) ‘corner, surface of the heavens, sky’, which depends on the idea that the sky is a kind of cloth held taut at its four corners by four dwarfs, representing each of the four cardinal directions (cf. SnE 2005, 12).
vel ‘well’
(not checked:)
vel (adv.): well, very
vífs ‘wife’
(not checked:)
víf (noun n.): woman, wife
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
landa ‘lands’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
skulu ‘must’
(not checked:)
skulu (verb): shall, should, must
vit ‘and I’
(not checked:)
2. vit (pron.): we two
Ingibjörg ‘Ingibjǫrg’
(not checked:)
Ingibjǫrg (noun f.): Ingibjǫrg
aldri ‘never’
(not checked:)
aldri (adv.): never
finnaz ‘meet’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
King Hringr tries to dissuade Friðþjófr from leaving his court, but Friðþjófr indicates his resolve to leave in this stanza.
The stanza is in both A and B recension mss, with the exception of 109a IIˣ. The metre is fornyrðislag.
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