FriðÞ Lv 25VIII (Frið 31)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna 31 (Friðþjófr Þorsteinsson, Lausavísur 25)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 229.
Gekk ‘went’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
[1] Gekk ek því: so 27ˣ, Gangandi fór ek 510
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[1] Gekk ek því: so 27ˣ, Gangandi fór ek 510
því ‘because’
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því (adv.): therefore, because
[1] Gekk ek því: so 27ˣ, Gangandi fór ek 510
frá ‘from’
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frá (prep.): from
garði ‘the courtyard’
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garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
grund ‘of the land’
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grund (noun f.): earth, land < grundskjǫldungr (noun m.)
[2] grund‑: ‘grun‑’ 510, ‘grunn’ 27ˣ
notes
[2] tveggja grundskjöldunga ‘of the two princes of the land’: Presumably a reference to the two brothers Helgi and Hálfdan. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to gramr skjǫldunga and construes gramr ‘angry’ as referring to Friðþjófr.
skjöldunga ‘princes’
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skjǫldungr (noun m.): king < grundskjǫldungr (noun m.)
notes
[2] tveggja grundskjöldunga ‘of the two princes of the land’: Presumably a reference to the two brothers Helgi and Hálfdan. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to gramr skjǫldunga and construes gramr ‘angry’ as referring to Friðþjófr.
tveggja ‘of the two’
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tveir (num. cardinal): two
notes
[2] tveggja grundskjöldunga ‘of the two princes of the land’: Presumably a reference to the two brothers Helgi and Hálfdan. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to gramr skjǫldunga and construes gramr ‘angry’ as referring to Friðþjófr.
at ‘’
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4. at (conj.): that
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
illsögur ‘malicious stories’
[3] illsögur ætta: illsögur ætti 510, ‘ill saungs eijra’ 27ˣ
ætta ‘might have’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
[3] illsögur ætta: illsögur ætti 510, ‘ill saungs eijra’ 27ˣ
†i ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
[4] †i enni mina grandvær†: ‘j enni mina granduær’ with ‘‑uær’ corrected from ‑‘nær’ 510, ‘enn minna granam’ 27ˣ
enni ‘’
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enni (noun n.; °-s; -): forehead, brow
[4] †i enni mina grandvær†: ‘j enni mina granduær’ with ‘‑uær’ corrected from ‑‘nær’ 510, ‘enn minna granam’ 27ˣ
mina ‘…’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
[4] †i enni mina grandvær†: ‘j enni mina granduær’ with ‘‑uær’ corrected from ‑‘nær’ 510, ‘enn minna granam’ 27ˣ
grandvær† ‘’
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grandvarr (adj.): circumspect, wary
[4] †i enni mina grandvær†: ‘j enni mina granduær’ with ‘‑uær’ corrected from ‑‘nær’ 510, ‘enn minna granam’ 27ˣ
Nær ‘near’
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nær (adv.): near, almost; when
var ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
nála ‘of needles’
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nál (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ar): needle
[5] nála: so 27ˣ, nála corrected from ‘uala’ 510
kennings
Gunni nála‘the Gunnr of needles ’
= WOMAN = Ingibjǫrg
the Gunnr of needles → WOMAN = Ingibjǫrg
Gunni ‘the Gunnr’
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Gunnr (noun f.): Gunnr
kennings
Gunni nála‘the Gunnr of needles ’
= WOMAN = Ingibjǫrg
the Gunnr of needles → WOMAN = Ingibjǫrg
gistingar ‘the night-lodgings’
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gisting (noun f.): accommodation, hospitality
[6] við gistingar: undinn stingu 27ˣ
rak ‘drove’
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2. reka (verb): drive, force
mik ‘me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
húsi ‘the house’
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hús (noun n.; °-s; -): house
heldur ‘rather’
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heldr (adv.): rather
meir ‘more’
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meirr (adv.): more
en ‘than’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In some of the A redaction mss, Friðþjófr speaks this stanza as he and Bjǫrn go to their ships, while looking back towards Baldrshagi.
Like Frið 30, Frið 31 is only in certain of the A redaction mss, including 510, and is again missing from 568ˣ. The metre is an irregular variant of dróttkvætt; only l. 8 has internal rhyme. The adv. heldur ‘rather’ (l.8) requires desyllabification from mss’ heldr in order to provide a metrically regular line; this suggests a date of composition post-1300. Stylistically noteworthy is the use of the woman-kenning Gunnr nála ‘the Gunnr <valkyrie> of needles’ in l. 5. This stanza, in which Friðþjófr reflects on the supposed misdemeanour of his dalliance with Ingibjǫrg, which happened before his voyage to Orkney and his return to Norway, seems misplaced where it occurs in some of the A mss. — [1]: Ms. 27’s text is preferred here because it is syntactically and metrically superior to that of 510. — [3-4]: It is impossible to give a reliable interpretation of ll. 3-4. Most eds who have attempted one make major emendations (e.g. Skj B) which have little regard for the mss. Kock (Skald; NN §3195) emends i enni mina grandvær to enn in minna grandvarr. The adj. grandvarr ‘guileless, upright’ is a sensible suggestion for the last word in l. 4, but the rest of Kock’s emended text is arbitrary.
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