FriðÞ Lv 3VIII (Frið 3)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna 3 (Friðþjófr Þorsteinsson, Lausavísur 3)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 197.
Mjök ‘greatly’
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mjǫk (adv.): very, much
tekr ‘begins’
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2. taka (verb): take
sjór ‘The sea’
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sjór (noun m.): sea
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
svella ‘swell’
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1. svella (verb): swell
svá ‘thus’
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svá (adv.): so, thus
notes
[2] svá er nú drepit skýjum ‘thus clouds are now louring’: The expression is impersonal. The construction skýjum er drepit means that clouds hang low and heavily over the earth (cf. LP: drepa 3), lit. ‘are knocked down’.
er ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[2] svá er nú drepit skýjum ‘thus clouds are now louring’: The expression is impersonal. The construction skýjum er drepit means that clouds hang low and heavily over the earth (cf. LP: drepa 3), lit. ‘are knocked down’.
nú ‘are now’
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nú (adv.): now
notes
[2] svá er nú drepit skýjum ‘thus clouds are now louring’: The expression is impersonal. The construction skýjum er drepit means that clouds hang low and heavily over the earth (cf. LP: drepa 3), lit. ‘are knocked down’.
drepit ‘louring’
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drepa (verb; °drepr; drap, drápu; drepinn): kill, strike
notes
[2] svá er nú drepit skýjum ‘thus clouds are now louring’: The expression is impersonal. The construction skýjum er drepit means that clouds hang low and heavily over the earth (cf. LP: drepa 3), lit. ‘are knocked down’.
skýjum ‘clouds’
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ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
notes
[2] svá er nú drepit skýjum ‘thus clouds are now louring’: The expression is impersonal. The construction skýjum er drepit means that clouds hang low and heavily over the earth (cf. LP: drepa 3), lit. ‘are knocked down’.
ráða ‘cause’
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
galdrar ‘spells’
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galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation
gamlir ‘old’
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gamall (adj.; °gamlan; compar. & superl. ellri adj.): old
er ‘’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
gjálfr ‘the surge’
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gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves
ór ‘from’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
stað ‘its place’
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1. staðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s; -ir): place
færiz ‘to be moved’
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2. fœra (verb): bring
[4] færiz: so ÍB65ˣ, færir papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[4] færiz ‘is moved’: The expression færa (older fœra) ór stað ‘to move (sth.) from its place’ requires a direct object if in active voice, and gjálfr ‘the surge’ may be either acc. or nom. Most mss read færir ‘moves’ 3rd pers. sg. pres. tense, but sense requires a passive construction, hence the preference here (so also Frið 1901, 16) for m. v. færiz. At least one younger ms., ÍB65ˣ, has the m. v. form. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; so also Skald) keeps færir, but translates with a passive construction: gamle galdre volder nu det, at havet bevæges stærkt ‘old spells now cause the sea to be strongly moved’. There is, however, no evidence of færa used impersonally with an acc. object.
Ei ‘not’
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3. ei (adv.): not
skal ‘will’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
við ‘against’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
ægi ‘the ocean’
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2. ægir (noun m.): ocean, sea
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
of ‘the violent’
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of- ((prefix)): too much < ofviðri (noun n.)
viðri ‘storm’
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-viðri (noun n.) < ofviðri (noun n.)
berjaz ‘fight’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
látum ‘let us make’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
notes
[7] Sólundir ‘the Sula islands’: These islands, Indre and Ytre Sula, at the mouth of Sognefjorden, are currently in the municipality of Solund. The word is based on 173ˣ’s reading, where ‘ol’ has been added above the line; this may be a scribal correction rather than a variant reading, seeing that 173ˣ is a copy of 1006ˣ. Sólund is listed among island names in Þul Eyja 5/3III and mentioned in KormǪ Lv 38/7V (Korm 57) and Bjhít Lv 9/4V (BjH 11).
seggjum ‘the men’
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
svell ‘the ice’
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svell (noun n.; °; -): ice < svellvífaðr (adj./verb p.p.)
[8] svell‑: ‘sioll‑’ 109a IIˣ, ‘sverll‑’ 1006ˣ, ‘sverl‑’ 173ˣ
notes
[8] svellvífaðar ‘ice-covered’: This cpd adj. is a hap. leg. The first element svell ‘ice, sheet of ice’ (especially over land) is unproblematic, even though the scribes had difficulty with it. The second element appears to be the p. p. –vífaðr ‘covered, wrapped’ from the verb vífa ‘come upon suddenly or by accident’ (cf. ÍO: 1132). Exactly how the meaning of the p. p. derives from the inf. vífa is unclear; ONP: vífa gives five examples of this verb, all exemplifying the pres. part.
vífaðar ‘covered’
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vífa (verb): [wrapped] < svellvífaðr (adj./verb p.p.)
notes
[8] svellvífaðar ‘ice-covered’: This cpd adj. is a hap. leg. The first element svell ‘ice, sheet of ice’ (especially over land) is unproblematic, even though the scribes had difficulty with it. The second element appears to be the p. p. –vífaðr ‘covered, wrapped’ from the verb vífa ‘come upon suddenly or by accident’ (cf. ÍO: 1132). Exactly how the meaning of the p. p. derives from the inf. vífa is unclear; ONP: vífa gives five examples of this verb, all exemplifying the pres. part.
hlífa ‘protect’
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hlífa (verb): protect
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In the B recension text Friðþjófr and his men steer their ship to the islands called Sólundir (ModNorw. Sulen), seeking protection from the storm. This incident is not mentioned in the A redaction.
This stanza is not in the A text. Its general sense is paralleled in Friðþjófs rímur III, 7-8 (Frið 1893, 108). The metre is an irregular form of dróttkvætt, comprising four couplets and virtually no hendingar, except in l. 8, where aðalhending occurs. Earlier eds (Falk 1890, 72; Skj B; Skald) have attempted to regularise ll. 3 and 7, where long and short vowels in open syllables (e.g. ráða, l. 3, látum, l. 7) appear to have begun to be confused. Finnur Jónsson (followed by Skald) also deletes all mss’ initial því ‘that’ in l. 3 to regularise the metre.
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