FriðÞ Lv 10VIII (Frið 12)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna 12 (Friðþjófr Þorsteinsson, Lausavísur 10)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 209.
Þess ‘this’
notes
[1] hefk of goldit þess gangs ‘I have paid for this access’: Friðþjófr presumably refers here to his access to Ingibjǫrg in Baldrshagi, which he has alluded to in the previous stanza, and for which the brothers Helgi and Hálfdan punished him by sending him to Orkney. Only ms. 510 reads gangs ‘access, journey’, and that not certainly, for the ms. reads ‘ggs’ with superscript <n> above the line across the second <g> and the <s>. Cf. Guðr I 26/5-6 (NK 206): þess hefi ec gangs | goldit síðan ‘I have paid for this journey later’. All the other mss read gagns from gagn ‘gain, advantage’, which would give the sense ‘I have paid for this advantage’. Both readings give good sense.
hefk ‘I have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
notes
[1] hefk of goldit þess gangs ‘I have paid for this access’: Friðþjófr presumably refers here to his access to Ingibjǫrg in Baldrshagi, which he has alluded to in the previous stanza, and for which the brothers Helgi and Hálfdan punished him by sending him to Orkney. Only ms. 510 reads gangs ‘access, journey’, and that not certainly, for the ms. reads ‘ggs’ with superscript <n> above the line across the second <g> and the <s>. Cf. Guðr I 26/5-6 (NK 206): þess hefi ec gangs | goldit síðan ‘I have paid for this journey later’. All the other mss read gagns from gagn ‘gain, advantage’, which would give the sense ‘I have paid for this advantage’. Both readings give good sense.
gangs ‘access’
(not checked:)
gangr (noun m.): going, walking; course; success
[1] gangs: gagns 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[1] hefk of goldit þess gangs ‘I have paid for this access’: Friðþjófr presumably refers here to his access to Ingibjǫrg in Baldrshagi, which he has alluded to in the previous stanza, and for which the brothers Helgi and Hálfdan punished him by sending him to Orkney. Only ms. 510 reads gangs ‘access, journey’, and that not certainly, for the ms. reads ‘ggs’ with superscript <n> above the line across the second <g> and the <s>. Cf. Guðr I 26/5-6 (NK 206): þess hefi ec gangs | goldit síðan ‘I have paid for this journey later’. All the other mss read gagns from gagn ‘gain, advantage’, which would give the sense ‘I have paid for this advantage’. Both readings give good sense.
of ‘paid’
(not checked:)
4. of (particle): (before verb)
[1] of: um 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[1] hefk of goldit þess gangs ‘I have paid for this access’: Friðþjófr presumably refers here to his access to Ingibjǫrg in Baldrshagi, which he has alluded to in the previous stanza, and for which the brothers Helgi and Hálfdan punished him by sending him to Orkney. Only ms. 510 reads gangs ‘access, journey’, and that not certainly, for the ms. reads ‘ggs’ with superscript <n> above the line across the second <g> and the <s>. Cf. Guðr I 26/5-6 (NK 206): þess hefi ec gangs | goldit síðan ‘I have paid for this journey later’. All the other mss read gagns from gagn ‘gain, advantage’, which would give the sense ‘I have paid for this advantage’. Both readings give good sense.
goldit ‘for’
(not checked:)
1. gjalda (verb): pay, repay
notes
[1] hefk of goldit þess gangs ‘I have paid for this access’: Friðþjófr presumably refers here to his access to Ingibjǫrg in Baldrshagi, which he has alluded to in the previous stanza, and for which the brothers Helgi and Hálfdan punished him by sending him to Orkney. Only ms. 510 reads gangs ‘access, journey’, and that not certainly, for the ms. reads ‘ggs’ with superscript <n> above the line across the second <g> and the <s>. Cf. Guðr I 26/5-6 (NK 206): þess hefi ec gangs | goldit síðan ‘I have paid for this journey later’. All the other mss read gagns from gagn ‘gain, advantage’, which would give the sense ‘I have paid for this advantage’. Both readings give good sense.
gekk ‘went’
(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
[2] gekk mér en þér eigi: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gekk mær þar 510, gekk mærin þær eigi 27ˣ
notes
[2]: This is the reading of the B recension mss; there is no satisfactory reading of the A mss here.
mér ‘me’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[2] gekk mér en þér eigi: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gekk mær þar 510, gekk mærin þær eigi 27ˣ
notes
[2]: This is the reading of the B recension mss; there is no satisfactory reading of the A mss here.
en ‘but’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
[2] gekk mér en þér eigi: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gekk mær þar 510, gekk mærin þær eigi 27ˣ
notes
[2]: This is the reading of the B recension mss; there is no satisfactory reading of the A mss here.
þér ‘you’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[2] gekk mér en þér eigi: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gekk mær þar 510, gekk mærin þær eigi 27ˣ
notes
[2]: This is the reading of the B recension mss; there is no satisfactory reading of the A mss here.
eigi ‘not’
(not checked:)
3. eigi (adv.): not
[2] gekk mér en þér eigi: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gekk mær þar 510, gekk mærin þær eigi 27ˣ
notes
[2]: This is the reading of the B recension mss; there is no satisfactory reading of the A mss here.
ambáttir ‘maidservants’
(not checked:)
ambátt (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar (ambottor EiðKrA 391²²)): handmaid
átta ‘eight’
(not checked:)
átta (num. cardinal): eight
Ingi ‘Ingi’
(not checked:)
Ingi (noun m.): king, Ingi < Ingibjǫrg (noun f.): Ingibjǫrg
[4] Ingibjörg*: Ingibjörgu 510, Ingibjörga 27ˣ, Ingibjargar papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[4] Ingibjörg* ‘Ingibjǫrg’: All mss give oblique cases of this name, while the syntax indicates that it should be in nom. case. This emendation was first proposed by Falk (1890, 75).
björg* ‘bjǫrg’
(not checked:)
bjǫrg (noun f.; °bjargar; bjargir): help, deliverance < Ingibjǫrg (noun f.): Ingibjǫrg
[4] Ingibjörg*: Ingibjörgu 510, Ingibjörga 27ˣ, Ingibjargar papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[4] Ingibjörg* ‘Ingibjǫrg’: All mss give oblique cases of this name, while the syntax indicates that it should be in nom. case. This emendation was first proposed by Falk (1890, 75).
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
[4] at: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, á 510, 27ˣ
þinga ‘meet’
(not checked:)
þinga (verb): pronounce, pledge
[4] þinga: þingi papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[4] þinga ‘meet’: The B mss have þingi, dat. sg. of the noun þing ‘meeting’, preferred in Skj B, and a viable interpretation.
höfum ‘We have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
brenda ‘burnished’
[5] brenda: brendra 27ˣ
bauga ‘rings’
(not checked:)
baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
Baldrshaga ‘Baldrshagi’
(not checked:)
Baldrshagi (noun m.)
lagða ‘placed’
(not checked:)
leggja (verb): put, lay
[6] lagða: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, lagðar 510, 27ˣ
var ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[7] var þá: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, ‘varar’ 510, 27ˣ
þá ‘then’
(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then
[7] var þá: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, ‘varar’ 510, 27ˣ
vilgi ‘very’
(not checked:)
vilgi (adv.): not at all, by no means
[7] vilgi: so 27ˣ, ‘vigri’ 510, ‘vigli’ papp17ˣ, 173ˣ, ‘vigil’ 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ
fjarri ‘far away’
(not checked:)
fjarri (adv.): far, far from it, unlikely
vörðr ‘the guardian’
(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
[8] vörðr: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, verðr 510, varðs 27ˣ
kennings
vörðr jarða Hálfdanar‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan ’
= RULER = Helgi?
the lands of Hálfdan → Norway
the guardian of NORWAY → RULER = Helgi?
Hálfdanar ‘of Hálfdan’
(not checked:)
Halfdan (noun m.): Hálfdan
kennings
vörðr jarða Hálfdanar‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan ’
= RULER = Helgi?
the lands of Hálfdan → Norway
the guardian of NORWAY → RULER = Helgi?
Hálfdanar ‘of Hálfdan’
(not checked:)
Halfdan (noun m.): Hálfdan
kennings
vörðr jarða Hálfdanar‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan ’
= RULER = Helgi?
the lands of Hálfdan → Norway
the guardian of NORWAY → RULER = Helgi?
jarða ‘of the lands’
(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
[8] jarða: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 173ˣ, garði 510, 27ˣ, jarðar 1006ˣ
kennings
vörðr jarða Hálfdanar‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan ’
= RULER = Helgi?
the lands of Hálfdan → Norway
the guardian of NORWAY → RULER = Helgi?
jarða ‘of the lands’
(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
[8] jarða: so papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 173ˣ, garði 510, 27ˣ, jarðar 1006ˣ
kennings
vörðr jarða Hálfdanar‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan ’
= RULER = Helgi?
the lands of Hálfdan → Norway
the guardian of NORWAY → RULER = Helgi?
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Friðþjófr speaks another stanza about his former life, seemingly addressed to his foster-brother Bjǫrn.
This irregular dróttkvætt stanza is lacking in ms. 568ˣ. There are a number of places in it where 510’s text is very hard to understand and recourse has been had to B recension readings in such cases. — [5-6]: These lines appear to refer to an exchange of rings that Friðþjófr and Ingibjǫrg carried out at Baldrshagi; it is not mentioned in the prose of the A recension, but the B text (ch. 4) mentions a ring, an inheritance from his father, that Friðþjófr gives Ingibjǫrg, and the last line of this chapter indicates that they exchanged rings (Frið 1901, 11). — [7-8]: These lines are difficult to understand in both recensions, but particularly so in the A text. Falk (1890, 75) suggested that the A mss’ varar might be a scribal error for varat ‘was not’, but this would make the line unmetrical. The B mss read var þá ‘was then’, and most eds, including the present one, have adopted this reading, understanding ‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan was then very far away’, ‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan’ being understood as a reference to one of the two brothers of Ingibjǫrg, who were called away to visit King Hringr, leaving Ingibjǫrg unguarded. An alternative view was expressed by Larsson (Frið 1901, 24 n.) who sees here a reference to the god Baldr in his sanctuary, understanding vilgi in its sense ‘not at all’, rather than as an intensifying adv. ‘very’ (cf. Fritzner: vilgi). This then gives the opposite sense ‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan was not far away’, that is, the deity was present in the sanctuary and saw to it that Friðþjófr was punished for breaking the tabu on conducting male-female relations in Baldrshagi. The problem with this interpretation is that the periphrasis ‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan’ (whichever Norwegian ruler this is meant to be) must be a ruler-kenning and is rather unlikely to be a kenning for the god Baldr, though in a late text this cannot be completely ruled out.
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