TorfE Lv 5^I

Eru ‘are’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

til ‘for’

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til (prep.): to

míns ‘my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

[1] míns: om. Flat

fjǫrs ‘life’

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fjǫrr (noun m.): life

margir ‘Many’

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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many

notes

[4] ósmábornir ‘high-born’: Lit. ‘not small-born’. This may have particular point if Torf-Einarr was illegitimate (see Note to Lv 1 [All]).

menn ‘men’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person

notes

[4] ósmábornir ‘high-born’: Lit. ‘not small-born’. This may have particular point if Torf-Einarr was illegitimate (see Note to Lv 1 [All]).

of ‘because of’

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3. of (prep.): around, from; too

notes

[2] of sannar deilðir ‘because of justified conflicts’: Sannar deilðir is explained in LP: deild as hvor der ene part virkelig har grund til strid ‘where one party genuinely has grounds for conflict’ (and cf. Fritzner: sannr 3 for this sense of sannr, normally ‘true’). The reading of two of the Orkn mss, of sannar fréttir ‘over accurate news’, makes good sense, but the third ms., Flat, agrees with the Hkr witnesses.

sannar ‘justified’

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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true

notes

[2] of sannar deilðir ‘because of justified conflicts’: Sannar deilðir is explained in LP: deild as hvor der ene part virkelig har grund til strid ‘where one party genuinely has grounds for conflict’ (and cf. Fritzner: sannr 3 for this sense of sannr, normally ‘true’). The reading of two of the Orkn mss, of sannar fréttir ‘over accurate news’, makes good sense, but the third ms., Flat, agrees with the Hkr witnesses.

fréttir ‘’

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frétta (verb): ask, enquire

deilðir ‘conflicts’

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deild (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): conflict, exchange

[2] deilðir: fréttir 332ˣ, R702ˣ

notes

[2] of sannar deilðir ‘because of justified conflicts’: Sannar deilðir is explained in LP: deild as hvor der ene part virkelig har grund til strid ‘where one party genuinely has grounds for conflict’ (and cf. Fritzner: sannr 3 for this sense of sannr, normally ‘true’). The reading of two of the Orkn mss, of sannar fréttir ‘over accurate news’, makes good sense, but the third ms., Flat, agrees with the Hkr witnesses.

af ‘’

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af (prep.): from

ór ‘of’

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3. ór (prep.): out of

[3] ór: af R702ˣ

notes

[4] ósmábornir ‘high-born’: Lit. ‘not small-born’. This may have particular point if Torf-Einarr was illegitimate (see Note to Lv 1 [All]).

ýmissu ‘’

ýmissum ‘various’

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ýmiss (adj.): various, alternate

[3] ýmissum: ýmissu 332ˣ

notes

[4] ósmábornir ‘high-born’: Lit. ‘not small-born’. This may have particular point if Torf-Einarr was illegitimate (see Note to Lv 1 [All]).

ôttum ‘families’

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1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family

notes

[4] ósmábornir ‘high-born’: Lit. ‘not small-born’. This may have particular point if Torf-Einarr was illegitimate (see Note to Lv 1 [All]).

ósmábornir ‘high-born’

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ósmáborinn (adj./verb p.p.): high-born

notes

[4] ósmábornir ‘high-born’: Lit. ‘not small-born’. This may have particular point if Torf-Einarr was illegitimate (see Note to Lv 1 [All]).

gjarnir ‘eager’

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gjarn (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager

En ‘And’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

þó ‘yet’

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þó (adv.): though

notes

[5] þó vitu þeir þeygi ‘and yet they do not know’: Finnur Jónsson (1884, 97) proposes emendation to þat vitu þeygi þeir, on the grounds that þeygi ‘not at all, and not, yet not’ is not elsewhere redoubled with þó ‘yet, though’.

vita ‘’

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1. vita (verb): know

vitu ‘know’

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1. vita (verb): know

[5] vitu: vita F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Flat, 761bˣ

notes

[5] þó vitu þeir þeygi ‘and yet they do not know’: Finnur Jónsson (1884, 97) proposes emendation to þat vitu þeygi þeir, on the grounds that þeygi ‘not at all, and not, yet not’ is not elsewhere redoubled with þó ‘yet, though’.

þeygi ‘do not’

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þeygi (adv.): not at all

notes

[5] þó vitu þeir þeygi ‘and yet they do not know’: Finnur Jónsson (1884, 97) proposes emendation to þat vitu þeygi þeir, on the grounds that þeygi ‘not at all, and not, yet not’ is not elsewhere redoubled with þó ‘yet, though’.

þeir ‘they’

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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

notes

[5] þó vitu þeir þeygi ‘and yet they do not know’: Finnur Jónsson (1884, 97) proposes emendation to þat vitu þeygi þeir, on the grounds that þeygi ‘not at all, and not, yet not’ is not elsewhere redoubled with þó ‘yet, though’.

áðr ‘before’

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áðr (adv.; °//): before

notes

[6] áðr hafi mik felldan ‘before they have killed me’: Here and elsewhere in the lausavísa Kock (NN §2412) suggests emendation to establish regular hendingar.

mik ‘me’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[6] áðr hafi mik felldan ‘before they have killed me’: Here and elsewhere in the lausavísa Kock (NN §2412) suggests emendation to establish regular hendingar.

hafa ‘’

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hafa (verb): have

hafi ‘they have’

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hafa (verb): have

[6] hafi: hafa J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 761bˣ

notes

[6] áðr hafi mik felldan ‘before they have killed me’: Here and elsewhere in the lausavísa Kock (NN §2412) suggests emendation to establish regular hendingar.

felldan ‘killed’

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falla (verb): fall

notes

[6] áðr hafi mik felldan ‘before they have killed me’: Here and elsewhere in the lausavísa Kock (NN §2412) suggests emendation to establish regular hendingar.

hverr ‘who’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

notes

[7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4.

il ‘the sole’

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il (noun f.; °; -jar): footsole < ilþorn (noun n.)il (noun f.; °; -jar): footsoleil (noun f.; °; -jar): footsoleil (noun f.; °; -jar): footsole

kennings

notes

[7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

il ‘the sole’

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il (noun f.; °; -jar): footsole < ilþorn (noun n.)il (noun f.; °; -jar): footsoleil (noun f.; °; -jar): footsoleil (noun f.; °; -jar): footsole

kennings

notes

[7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

þornum ‘’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn

þornar ‘’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn

þorni ‘’

þorna ‘thorns’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn < ilþorn (noun n.)

[7] ‑þorna: þorni F, þornar Flat, þornum R702ˣ

kennings

notes

[7] -þorna ‘thorns’: The acc. pl. -þorna is retained here, as in previous eds, since it is the reading of most mss, though dat. sg. -þorni (so F) or dat. pl. -þornum (so R702ˣ) might have been expected following standa undir ‘stand under’. — [7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

þorna ‘thorns’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn < ilþorn (noun n.)

[7] ‑þorna: þorni F, þornar Flat, þornum R702ˣ

kennings

notes

[7] -þorna ‘thorns’: The acc. pl. -þorna is retained here, as in previous eds, since it is the reading of most mss, though dat. sg. -þorni (so F) or dat. pl. -þornum (so R702ˣ) might have been expected following standa undir ‘stand under’. — [7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

þorna ‘thorns’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn < ilþorn (noun n.)

[7] ‑þorna: þorni F, þornar Flat, þornum R702ˣ

kennings

notes

[7] -þorna ‘thorns’: The acc. pl. -þorna is retained here, as in previous eds, since it is the reading of most mss, though dat. sg. -þorni (so F) or dat. pl. -þornum (so R702ˣ) might have been expected following standa undir ‘stand under’. — [7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

arnar ‘of the eagle’

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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle

notes

[7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

arnar ‘of the eagle’

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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle

notes

[7] hverr ilþorna arnar: The hendingar in this line echo those of l. 4. — [7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

undir ‘under’

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undir (prep.): under

notes

[7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior.

hlýtr ‘gets’

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hljóta (verb): alot, gain

af ‘’

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af (prep.): from

at ‘to’

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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

[8] at: af Flat

stundu ‘’

stunda ‘’

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stunda (verb): proceed

lúta ‘’

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1. lúta (verb): (strong)

standa ‘stand’

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standa (verb): stand

[8] standa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, R702ˣ, 761bˣ, lúta Kˣ, stunda 332ˣ, stundu Flat

notes

[7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior. — [8] standa ‘stand’: The sense is ‘be situated’ rather than ‘hold upright posture’. The Kˣ reading lúta ‘bend, bow, yield’ arguably suits the position of a body beneath a carrion bird better than standa (NN §3041), but since all other mss have variants on standa, lúta appears to be a case of oral or scribal ‘improvement’.

standa ‘stand’

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standa (verb): stand

[8] standa: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, R702ˣ, 761bˣ, lúta Kˣ, stunda 332ˣ, stundu Flat

notes

[7-8] standa undir ilþorna arnar ‘stand under the sole-thorns [CLAWS] of the eagle’: It is possible that this phrase prompted the inclusion of the ‘blood-eagle’ motif in the prose of Orkn and Hkr (von See 1960, 36-7 and Note to Lv 3/1, 4). If so, the phrase has been misunderstood since it merely presents the familiar stereotyped vignette of the carrion bird devouring a fallen warrior. — [8] standa ‘stand’: The sense is ‘be situated’ rather than ‘hold upright posture’. The Kˣ reading lúta ‘bend, bow, yield’ arguably suits the position of a body beneath a carrion bird better than standa (NN §3041), but since all other mss have variants on standa, lúta appears to be a case of oral or scribal ‘improvement’.