Tindr Hákdr 2^I

gat ‘’

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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

Gatat ‘did not receive’

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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

[1] Gatat: gat 510

notes

[1] gatat ‘did not receive’: Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 324-5; Skj B), followed by Reichardt (1928, 105-6 n. 75) and Kock (Skald), emends ms. gat to gatat ‘did not receive’, on the grounds that the negative is necessary for sense and that gat is too light a syllable for this position. The metrical reason does not hold, since the line can be analysed as a Type C-line, but a negative is certainly required. On the sg. form gat(at), see Note to ll. 2, 4.

ó ‘The fear’

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ó- ((prefix)): un- < óhræðinn (adj./verb p.p.): [fearless]

hræðinn ‘less’

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hræðinn (adj.): [less] < óhræðinn (adj./verb p.p.): [fearless]

œðra ‘more distinguished’

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œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher

notes

[1] œðra ‘more distinguished’: (a) This edn retains the ms. reading ‘ædra’, reading it as the comp. adj. qualifying viðrnám ‘opposition’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 324; Skj B; also Reichardt 1928, 105-6 n. 75) emends it to gen. sg. æðru (as already in the paper ms. AM 288 4^o), to give óhræðinn æðru, literally ‘unafraid of fear’, which Finnur (Skj B) explains as der ikke lod sig overvælde af frygt ‘who did not allow himself to be overwhelmed by fear’. However, the emendation is not necessary and the phrase óhræðinn æðru tautological. (c) A further solution proposed by Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12; SHI 11; LP (1860): oddgaldr) and Kock (NN §429) yields an unsatisfactory kenning in l. 3 (Reichardt 1928, 105-6 n. 75).

odd ‘of the point’

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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon < oddgaldr (noun m.): [point-chant]

kennings

odd ‘of the point’

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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon < oddgaldr (noun m.): [point-chant]

kennings

enn ‘’

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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

galdrs ‘chant’

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galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation < oddgaldr (noun m.): [point-chant]

kennings

galdrs ‘chant’

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galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation < oddgaldr (noun m.): [point-chant]

kennings

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[2] ok: enn 510

notes

[2, 4] Búi ok Sigvaldi ‘Búi and Sigvaldi’: Emendation is all but unavoidable here, and is adopted by most eds. The two names form a cpd subject, with the sg. verb gatat ‘did not receive’ agreeing with the strict grammatical subject óhræðinn Búi ‘the fearless Búi’ and the phrase ok Sigvaldi ‘and Sigvaldi’ placed in anticipation of that subject (cf. Finnur Jónsson 1886b, 325; NS §70a). Sigvaldi jarl Strút-Haraldsson and Búi digri ‘the Stout’ Vésetason are also named in Þskúm Lv 1/3, 4, and are prominent in later medieval tradition as leaders of the semi-legendary Jómsvíkingar (cf. ÞGísl Búdr and Bjbp Jóms).

Sig ‘Sig’

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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory < Sigvaldi (noun m.): Sigvaldi

notes

[2, 4] Búi ok Sigvaldi ‘Búi and Sigvaldi’: Emendation is all but unavoidable here, and is adopted by most eds. The two names form a cpd subject, with the sg. verb gatat ‘did not receive’ agreeing with the strict grammatical subject óhræðinn Búi ‘the fearless Búi’ and the phrase ok Sigvaldi ‘and Sigvaldi’ placed in anticipation of that subject (cf. Finnur Jónsson 1886b, 325; NS §70a). Sigvaldi jarl Strút-Haraldsson and Búi digri ‘the Stout’ Vésetason are also named in Þskúm Lv 1/3, 4, and are prominent in later medieval tradition as leaders of the semi-legendary Jómsvíkingar (cf. ÞGísl Búdr and Bjbp Jóms).

sǫkk ‘’

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1. søkkva (verb): sink, strong intrans.

næti ‘’

valdi ‘valdi’

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1. valdi (noun m.): ruler < Sigvaldi (noun m.): Sigvaldi

notes

[2, 4] Búi ok Sigvaldi ‘Búi and Sigvaldi’: Emendation is all but unavoidable here, and is adopted by most eds. The two names form a cpd subject, with the sg. verb gatat ‘did not receive’ agreeing with the strict grammatical subject óhræðinn Búi ‘the fearless Búi’ and the phrase ok Sigvaldi ‘and Sigvaldi’ placed in anticipation of that subject (cf. Finnur Jónsson 1886b, 325; NS §70a). Sigvaldi jarl Strút-Haraldsson and Búi digri ‘the Stout’ Vésetason are also named in Þskúm Lv 1/3, 4, and are prominent in later medieval tradition as leaders of the semi-legendary Jómsvíkingar (cf. ÞGísl Búdr and Bjbp Jóms).

njótar ‘’

vítt ‘from afar’

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víðr (adj.): far

frák ‘I heard’

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1. fregna (verb): hear of

[3] frák: sǫkk 510

notes

[3] frák ‘I heard’: Ms. ‘sauck’ (normalised sǫkk) is difficult to accommodate in the helmingr (the suggestion in Fms 12 is unconvincing). This edn emends to frák and construes this with the past inf. kvômu ‘come, to have come’, itself an emendation (see Note to l. 4). Hykk ‘I believe’ is adopted by previous eds, following Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 325; Skj B), but is slightly more distant from the ms. reading.

Búa ‘’

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3. Búi (noun m.): Búi

veiti ‘the proffering’

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2. veita (verb): grant, give < veitinjótr (noun m.)

[3] veiti‑: ‘næte’ 510

kennings

notes

[3] veiti- ‘proffering’: Emended from ms. ‘næte’, which is excluded for reasons of alliteration and sense. Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 325; Skj B; LP: vætti-Njótr) prefers vætti- ‘awaiting, preparing for’, but this form gives inferior sense: the raiders are actively proffering warfare, not waiting. Kock (NN §429) emends to vægi, from vægir, a heiti for ‘sword’ (Þul Sverða 4/1^III).

kvanti ‘’

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kvantr (noun m.): °trængsel, lidelse, overlast

Njóta* ‘Njótar’

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Njótr (noun m.): Njótr, Óðinn < veitinjótr (noun m.)

[3] Njóta*: njótar 510

kennings

notes

[3] Njóta* ‘Njótar <= Óðinns>’: Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 325) wavers between this emended acc. pl. form and the ms. reading Njótar, a nom. pl. form which would entail construal of kvômu as a finite verb (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘came’ rather than a past inf. ‘to have come’. Kock (NN §3097G) advocates retention of Njótar.

viðrnám ‘opposition’

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viðrnám (noun n.): resistance, opposition

Búi ‘Búi’

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3. Búi (noun m.): Búi

[4] Búi: Búa 510

notes

[2, 4] Búi ok Sigvaldi ‘Búi and Sigvaldi’: Emendation is all but unavoidable here, and is adopted by most eds. The two names form a cpd subject, with the sg. verb gatat ‘did not receive’ agreeing with the strict grammatical subject óhræðinn Búi ‘the fearless Búi’ and the phrase ok Sigvaldi ‘and Sigvaldi’ placed in anticipation of that subject (cf. Finnur Jónsson 1886b, 325; NS §70a). Sigvaldi jarl Strút-Haraldsson and Búi digri ‘the Stout’ Vésetason are also named in Þskúm Lv 1/3, 4, and are prominent in later medieval tradition as leaders of the semi-legendary Jómsvíkingar (cf. ÞGísl Búdr and Bjbp Jóms).

kvômu ‘came’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

[4] kvômu: ‘kuanti’ 510

notes

[4] kvômu ‘came’: Ms. ‘kuantí’ is emended by all eds to kvômu, which is here the past inf., lit. ‘to have come’.

máttu ‘’

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mega (verb): may, might

áðr ‘before’

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áðr (adv.; °//): before

magrendr ‘’

mót ‘of the clash’

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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < mótrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

mót ‘of the clash’

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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < mótrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

Grímnis ‘’

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Grímnir (noun m.): Grimnir

rǫðuls ‘of the sun’

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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < mótrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

rǫðuls ‘of the sun’

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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < mótrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

rǫðuls ‘of the sun’

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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < mótrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

mœttu ‘met’

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mœta (verb): meet

[5] mœttu: máttu 510

magnendr ‘the empowerers’

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magnandi (noun m.): strengthener

[6] magnendr: ‘magrendur’ 510

kennings

Gymis ‘of Gymir’

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2. Gymir (noun m.): Gymir

[6] Gymis: Grímnis 510

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

Gymis ‘of Gymir’

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2. Gymir (noun m.): Gymir

[6] Gymis: Grímnis 510

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

Gymis ‘of Gymir’

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2. Gymir (noun m.): Gymir

[6] Gymis: Grímnis 510

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

Gymis ‘of Gymir’

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2. Gymir (noun m.): Gymir

[6] Gymis: Grímnis 510

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

vagna ‘of the wagons’

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vagn (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wagon

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

vagna ‘of the wagons’

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vagn (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wagon

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

vagna ‘of the wagons’

(not checked:)
vagn (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wagon

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

vagna ‘of the wagons’

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vagn (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wagon

kennings

notes

[6] vagna Gymis ‘of the wagons of Gymir <sea-giant> [SHIPS]’: The emendation of ms. grimnis (normalised Grímnis) to Gymis/gymis is due to Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 326) and has been accepted by subsequent eds. Gymir as a sea-heiti appears to be both a common noun and a proper name (LP: 1. gymir), and either is possible here. Gymir is also named in Þjóð Yt 18/11: see Note, and for the personification of the sea, cf. Refr Ferðv 2^III and McKinnell (2005, 66).

sǫng ‘it sang’

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syngja (verb): sing

at ‘at’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

sverða ‘of swords’

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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword

kennings

þingi ‘the assembly’

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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly

kennings

sárla ‘grievously’

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sárla (adv.): [grievously]

notes

[8] sárla : jarli: Aðalhendingar with unequal quantities are a sporadic licence in skaldic poetry.

þrœnzkum ‘the Trøndelag’

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þrœnzkr (adj.): from Trøndelag

notes

[8] þrœnzkum jarli ‘the Trøndelag jarl [Hákon]’: Þrœnzkr is the adj. denoting those from Þrándheimr, the region of Trøndelag, which was the power-base of Hákon jarl Sigurðarson and his dynasty, the jarls of Hlaðir (Lade).

jarli ‘jarl’

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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl

notes

[8] þrœnzkum jarli ‘the Trøndelag jarl [Hákon]’: Þrœnzkr is the adj. denoting those from Þrándheimr, the region of Trøndelag, which was the power-base of Hákon jarl Sigurðarson and his dynasty, the jarls of Hlaðir (Lade). — [8] sárla : jarli: Aðalhendingar with unequal quantities are a sporadic licence in skaldic poetry.

jarli ‘jarl’

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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl

notes

[8] þrœnzkum jarli ‘the Trøndelag jarl [Hákon]’: Þrœnzkr is the adj. denoting those from Þrándheimr, the region of Trøndelag, which was the power-base of Hákon jarl Sigurðarson and his dynasty, the jarls of Hlaðir (Lade). — [8] sárla : jarli: Aðalhendingar with unequal quantities are a sporadic licence in skaldic poetry.