Tindr Hákdr 10I
Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Tindr Hallkelsson, Hákonardrápa 10’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 354.
Þás ‘When’
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þás (conj.): when
fyr ‘over’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
borð ‘board’
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[1] á barða ‘on the ship’: Barði is named as the ship of Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson in accounts of the later battle of Svǫlðr (e.g. ÍF 26, 359), but here the common noun seems more likely. Á barða is taken here to refer to the position of the warriors since if it referred to Búi leaping a phrase meaning ‘from the ship’ would be required.
barða ‘the ship’
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barð (noun n.): prow, stern (of a ship)
notes
[1] á barða ‘on the ship’: Barði is named as the ship of Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson in accounts of the later battle of Svǫlðr (e.g. ÍF 26, 359), but here the common noun seems more likely. Á barða is taken here to refer to the position of the warriors since if it referred to Búi leaping a phrase meaning ‘from the ship’ would be required.
í ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
brúðar ‘’
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brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
fang ‘’
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fang (noun n.; °-s; *-): grasp, tunic
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
ganga ‘go’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
veðr ‘of the storm’
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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrmagnandi (noun m.)
kennings
Viðris veðrmagnanda,‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’
= WARRIOR
the storm of Viðrir, → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
veðr ‘of the storm’
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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrmagnandi (noun m.)
kennings
Viðris veðrmagnanda,‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’
= WARRIOR
the storm of Viðrir, → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
magnanda ‘the strengthener’
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magnandi (noun m.): strengthener < veðrmagnandi (noun m.)
kennings
Viðris veðrmagnanda,‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’
= WARRIOR
the storm of Viðrir, → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Viðris ‘of Viðrir’
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Viðrir (noun m.): Viðrir
kennings
Viðris veðrmagnanda,‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’
= WARRIOR
the storm of Viðrir, → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Viðris ‘of Viðrir’
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Viðrir (noun m.): Viðrir
kennings
Viðris veðrmagnanda,‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’
= WARRIOR
the storm of Viðrir, → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
virðendr ‘the guardians’
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virðandi (noun m.; °; -endr): guardian, appraiser
kennings
virðendr fangs * bǫðvar‘the guardians of the tunic of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the tunic of battle → MAIL-SHIRT
the guardians of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS
Búa ‘Búi’
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3. Búi (noun m.): Búi
notes
[4] Búa ‘Búi’: See Note to st. 2/2, 4.
kenndu ‘taught’
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kenna (verb): know, teach
notes
[4] kenndu ‘taught’: It is unclear why Búi’s men are said to ‘teach’ him here. In later accounts (e.g. ÞGísl Búdr 11, Bjbp Jóms 36 and their Contexts) Búi leaps overboard, calling to his men to follow him.
Mikinn ‘a great’
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
kennings
mikinn hljóm* hjǫrva;‘a great tumult of swords; ’
= BATTLE
a great tumult of swords; → BATTLE
gerði ‘made’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
herr ‘The army’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
hjǫrva ‘of swords’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
mikinn hljóm* hjǫrva;‘a great tumult of swords; ’
= BATTLE
a great tumult of swords; → BATTLE
hljómr ‘’
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hljómr (noun m.; °dat. -i): sound
kennings
mikinn hljóm* hjǫrva;‘a great tumult of swords; ’
= BATTLE
a great tumult of swords; → BATTLE
Búi ‘’
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3. Búi (noun m.): Búi
notes
[6] runnu þá ‘then ran’: Emended from Búi. Line 6 in the ms. lacks hending and is one syllable short, as well as being difficult to construe, making radical emendation necessary. The ms. reading Búi may have been influenced by the general fame of Búi and by the occurrence of the name in l. 4. Skj B emends to es runnu ‘when ... ran’, but this produces a non-standard Type A even line, with rhyme in positions 3 and 5.
notes
[6] runnu þá ‘then ran’: Emended from Búi. Line 6 in the ms. lacks hending and is one syllable short, as well as being difficult to construe, making radical emendation necessary. The ms. reading Búi may have been influenced by the general fame of Búi and by the occurrence of the name in l. 4. Skj B emends to es runnu ‘when ... ran’, but this produces a non-standard Type A even line, with rhyme in positions 3 and 5.
sunnan ‘from the south’
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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south
bauga ‘of rings’
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baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring
kennings
Baldrs bauga‘of the Baldr of rings ’
= MAN
the Baldr of rings → MAN
notes
[7, 8] Baldrs bauga ‘of the Baldr <god> of rings [MAN]’: Following Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 352-3; Skj B), gen. sg. Baldrs (emended from ms. Baldr) bauga is construed with skeiðr ‘longships’. Finnur takes the kenning to refer to Búi, but unless ms. Búi is retained in l. 6 it is not clear why the attacking fleet should be referred to as Búi’s in particular. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12; SHI 11) read Baldr baugs as a vocative, addressed to a member of the skald’s audience, but this is less convincing.
skerðr ‘’
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skerða (verb): diminish
skeiðr ‘the warships’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
[7] skeiðr: skerðr 510
at ‘towards’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
breiðu ‘the wide’
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breiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): broad, wide
Baldr ‘’
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Baldr (noun m.): [Baldr, Baldur]
kennings
Baldrs bauga‘of the Baldr of rings ’
= MAN
the Baldr of rings → MAN
notes
[7, 8] Baldrs bauga ‘of the Baldr <god> of rings [MAN]’: Following Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 352-3; Skj B), gen. sg. Baldrs (emended from ms. Baldr) bauga is construed with skeiðr ‘longships’. Finnur takes the kenning to refer to Búi, but unless ms. Búi is retained in l. 6 it is not clear why the attacking fleet should be referred to as Búi’s in particular. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12; SHI 11) read Baldr baugs as a vocative, addressed to a member of the skald’s audience, but this is less convincing.
Hô ‘of Há’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < Hákon (noun m.): Hákon
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
kunar ‘kon’
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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin < Hákon (noun m.): Hákon
notes
[2] fangs * bǫðvar ‘of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT]’: The prep. í at the beginning of l. 2 is deleted by all eds since it produces a hypermetrical line and poor sense. In this edn, fang, emended to fangs, is taken in the sense ‘tunic’ (so Skj B, provisionally accepted by Reichardt 1930, 245, and cf. Hfr ErfÓl 3/3 and Note) and combined with the determinant bǫðvar ‘of battle’ by emendation from ms. brúðar (Skj B) to give a kenning for ‘mail-shirt’.
valdi ‘domain’
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vald (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, power
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Þás fyr borð á barða |
When the guardians of the tunic of battle [MAIL-SHIRT > WARRIORS] on the ship taught the strengthener of the storm of Viðrir <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’) BATTLE > WARRIOR], Búi, to go overboard. The army made a great tumult of swords [BATTLE]; the warships of the Baldr <god> of rings [MAN] then ran from the south towards the wide domain of Hákon.
The Jómsvíkingar realise that defeat is inevitable in the face of supernatural opposition. Búi seizes two chests full of gold, calls on his men to leap overboard and then jumps into the sea.
The two helmingar may have belonged originally to distinct stanzas, as suggested by Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 353-4). The subject-matter of ll. 5-8, the approach of the Danish expedition from the south, seems to be distinct from that of ll. 1-4, the battle itself. Additionally, the conj. þás ‘when’ in l. 1 introduces a subordinate clause that must have continued a prior statement now lost. This is suggested both by its incomplete meaning and by the fact that in normal skaldic practice a subordinate clause would follow, but not precede, a main clause (Kuhn 1983, 190-1). — [1-4]: (a) The interpretation here is essentially that of Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 353-4; Skj B), including his analysis of l. 2 (see Note below) and his overall construal, in which Viðris veðrmagnanda ‘the strengthener of the storm of Viðrir <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘storm-strengthener of Viðrir’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’ is taken in apposition with Búa ‘Búi’. However, such apposition is rare in early skaldic poetry, and some corruption of the text is possible, given the generally garbled state of the poem in 510. Other suggestions have been the following. (b) Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12; SHI 11; cf. LP (1860): bruðr 2) explains ms. bruðar as gen. sg. from bruðr/brunnr ‘spring, well’ taken in the sense of ‘sea’ and combined with fangs (for ms. fang), taken in the sense of ‘combat’, thus yielding the interpretation ‘sea-battle’. However, this is not recognisable skaldic idiom and bruðar would be unmetrical since a long syllable (brúð-) would be required. (c) Kock (NN §§437, 1912) argues for an adverbial gen. brúðar fangs ‘into the bride’s embrace’, referring to the sea-goddess Rán, i.e. the sea into which Búi famously leaps (see Context). He notes close verbal correspondences between this stanza and Vagn Lv, though there the embrace of a woman is literal. Additionally, Kock (NN §437, citing §327D) proposes a sense of virðendr equivalent to virðar ‘men’, but such a use of agentives would not be idiomatic and accordingly these suggestions were rejected by Reichardt (1930, 245). — [5-8]: Most of the emendations and the construal adopted in this edn were proposed by Finnur Jónsson (1886b, 352-3; Skj B) and retained by Kock in Skald.
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