Anon Líkn 4VII
George S. Tate (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Líknarbraut 4’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 233-4.
Þrif ‘Prosperity’
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þrif (noun n.; °; -): prosperity < þrifgœðir (noun m.)
kennings
Þrifgæðir þjóðar‘Prosperity-endower of the people, ’
= God
Prosperity-endower of the people, → God
gæðir ‘endower’
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gœðir (noun m.): strengthener, increaser < þrifgœðir (noun m.)
kennings
Þrifgæðir þjóðar‘Prosperity-endower of the people, ’
= God
Prosperity-endower of the people, → God
lát ‘let’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
þjóðar ‘of the people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
kennings
Þrifgæðir þjóðar‘Prosperity-endower of the people, ’
= God
Prosperity-endower of the people, → God
þíns ‘of your’
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
anda ‘spirit’
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andi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): spirit, soul
mér ‘my’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
skína ‘shine’
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skína (verb): shine
ástar ‘of love’
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ást (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): love < ástarljós (noun n.)
ljós ‘light’
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ljós (noun n.; °ljóss; -): light < ástarljós (noun n.)
sem ‘as’
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sem (conj.): as, which
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
æsti ‘entreat’
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æsta (verb): ask, request
al ‘the wholly’
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al- ((prefix)): very < albjartr (adj.)
bjart ‘radiant’
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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright < albjartr (adj.)
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
sal ‘hall’
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1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall
kennings
hjarta sal,‘heart’s hall, ’
= BREAST
heart’s hall, → BREAST
hjarta ‘heart’s’
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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart
kennings
hjarta sal,‘heart’s hall, ’
= BREAST
heart’s hall, → BREAST
er ‘which’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
mis ‘of mis’
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mis (noun ?): mis- < misverki (noun m.)
notes
[5] misverka ‘misdeeds’: Either gen. pl. of misverk n. or gen. sg. of misverki m. (so LP); the only occurrence of either in poetry.
verka ‘deeds’
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verki (noun m.; °-a): deed, work < misverki (noun m.)
notes
[5] misverka ‘misdeeds’: Either gen. pl. of misverk n. or gen. sg. of misverki m. (so LP); the only occurrence of either in poetry.
myrkrum ‘darkness’
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1. myrkr (noun n.; °myrkrs/myrks; -): darkness
munar ‘mind’
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munr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i): mind, pleasure
notes
[6] munar (gen. sg.) ‘mind’: The range of possible meanings of munr (‘mind, soul, desire, longing, will, love, object of love, difference’ etc.) makes w.o. and translation somewhat uncertain; cf. Has 3/4 munar grand ‘soul’s injury’.
hrindi ‘drive out’
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1. hrinda (verb): launch, propell
svá ‘so’
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svá (adv.): so, thus
notes
[6] svá ‘thus’: Skj B emends to rel. pron. sem; NN §1386 objects but translates svá as liksom också ‘as well as’, a meaning no ON dictionary gives. Since B is a C14th ms., it is possible that there is an underlying deleted at (svá at = svá: see Introduction 9. Normalisation of Fourteenth-Century Poetry II. B. 3.)
blindi ‘the blindness’
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blindi (noun f.): [blindness, blindi]
míns ‘of my’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
ór ‘from’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
mælsku ‘of eloquence’
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mælska (noun f.; °-u): [eloquence]
[7] mælsku: ‘me᷎[...]ku’ B, ‘me[...]u’ corrected from ‘me[...]a’ 399a‑bˣ
kennings
mælsku túni,‘field of eloquence, [and] ’
= BREAST
field of eloquence, [and] → BREAST
notes
[7] mælsku túni ‘(hedged) enclosure, field of eloquence [BREAST]’: In a note on the lacuna in B, 399a-bˣ (Jón Sigurðsson) conjectures ‘me᷎lzku’ (revised from ‘me᷎rðar’), which all eds have adopted. Guðrún Nordal 2001, 258 observes that mælska does not fit the typical pattern of determinants in chest-kennings and that it is ‘probably closer to the point to interpret [mælsku tún] as mouth’. (Cf. Meissner, 136 who, while construing it as ‘breast’, acknowledges that it could by itself be a kenning for ‘mouth’.) This suggestion seems however less probable with reference to the context. While myrkrum misverka ‘darkness of misdeeds’ (l. 5) could refer back to sins of the tongue in st. 2, it seems less likely that the poet is here praying to have his mouth cleansed than to have his heart purified. This is especially true because of the counterbalancing of two kennings – one in each helmingr – for the same locus. Surely it is the darkness now residing in his mælsku tún ‘enclosure of eloquence [BREAST]’ which he prays to have cleared away as light infuses his sal hjarta ‘hall of the heart [BREAST]’ (l. 4). The second element of the prayer, that the light clear away the blindi móðs munar ‘blindness of despondent mind’ (ll. 6, 8, 6), simply restates the entreaty of the first – that the darkness be driven from the poet’s breast (the seat of the mind). (See Note on lyndis láð ‘mind’s land [BREAST]’ at 5/3-4.)
túni ‘field’
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tún (noun n.; °-s; -): homefield, enclosure
kennings
mælsku túni,‘field of eloquence, [and] ’
= BREAST
field of eloquence, [and] → BREAST
notes
[7] mælsku túni ‘(hedged) enclosure, field of eloquence [BREAST]’: In a note on the lacuna in B, 399a-bˣ (Jón Sigurðsson) conjectures ‘me᷎lzku’ (revised from ‘me᷎rðar’), which all eds have adopted. Guðrún Nordal 2001, 258 observes that mælska does not fit the typical pattern of determinants in chest-kennings and that it is ‘probably closer to the point to interpret [mælsku tún] as mouth’. (Cf. Meissner, 136 who, while construing it as ‘breast’, acknowledges that it could by itself be a kenning for ‘mouth’.) This suggestion seems however less probable with reference to the context. While myrkrum misverka ‘darkness of misdeeds’ (l. 5) could refer back to sins of the tongue in st. 2, it seems less likely that the poet is here praying to have his mouth cleansed than to have his heart purified. This is especially true because of the counterbalancing of two kennings – one in each helmingr – for the same locus. Surely it is the darkness now residing in his mælsku tún ‘enclosure of eloquence [BREAST]’ which he prays to have cleared away as light infuses his sal hjarta ‘hall of the heart [BREAST]’ (l. 4). The second element of the prayer, that the light clear away the blindi móðs munar ‘blindness of despondent mind’ (ll. 6, 8, 6), simply restates the entreaty of the first – that the darkness be driven from the poet’s breast (the seat of the mind). (See Note on lyndis láð ‘mind’s land [BREAST]’ at 5/3-4.)
móðs ‘despondent’
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1. móðr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-): courage
vandliga ‘completely’
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vandliga (adv.): carefully
hrjóði ‘may clear away’
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1. hrjóða (verb): clear, destroy
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Þrifgæðir, lát, þjóðar, |
Prosperity-endower of the people [= God (= Christ)], let the wholly radiant light of love of your spirit shine in my heart’s hall [BREAST], as I entreat that which may clear away completely the darkness of misdeeds from my field of eloquence [BREAST], [and] so drive out the blindness of my despondent mind.
The plea for divine light to dispel the soul’s darkness is a Psalmic motif (e.g. XVII.29 Deus meus, illumina tenebras meas ‘O my God, enlighten my darkness’) occurring also in liturgical hymns: e.g. Ambrose’s Aufer tenebras mentium ‘remove the darkness of our minds’ and Tu lux, refulge sensibus ‘You light, shine upon our senses’ (AH 51, 28 and 50, 10 respectively; cf. Brev. Nidr., fer iii ad mat., c.vi and off. dieb. ad laud., a.viii). — [5-8]: The words of the helmingr can be (and have been) arranged in a variety of ways, depending upon which of several meanings are assigned to munar (l. 6) and móðs (l. 8) and whether ór mælsku túni is taken with the first or second cl.
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