Þskakk Erldr 2II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Þorbjǫrn skakkaskáld, Erlingsdrápa 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 634.
Greitt ‘smoothly’
(not checked:)
greitt (adv.): smoothly
frák ‘I heard’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
gumna ‘of men’
(not checked:)
gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man
kennings
Dróttinn gumna,‘Lord of men, ’
= Erlingr
Lord of men, → Erlingr
dróttinn ‘Lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
kennings
Dróttinn gumna,‘Lord of men, ’
= Erlingr
Lord of men, → Erlingr
Gríðar ‘of Gríðr’s’
(not checked:)
Gríðr (noun f.; °dat./acc. -i): [Gríðr, Gríður]
kennings
fáks Gríðar.‘of Gríðr’s steed. ’
= WOLF
Gríðr’s steed. → WOLF
kennings
fáks Gríðar.‘of Gríðr’s steed. ’
= WOLF
Gríðr’s steed. → WOLF
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
notes
[2, 4] í víðu Túnsbergi ‘in spacious Tønsberg’: Town in Vestfold, south-eastern Norway.
víðu ‘spacious’
(not checked:)
víðr (adj.): far
notes
[2, 4] í víðu Túnsbergi ‘in spacious Tønsberg’: Town in Vestfold, south-eastern Norway.
trauðr ‘reluctant’
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trauðr (adj.): reluctant
esa ‘you are not’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[3] esa ‘is not’: This is technically 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. (plus the negation -a) of the verb vesa ‘be’. ANG (§532, Anm. 1) notes occurrences of es used in 2nd pers. sg., but that form is rare and archaic. An alternative would be to take dróttinn gumna ‘lord of men’ as the subject of esa (so Skj B), but that would leave the first cl. without a vocative referent for the form þér ‘for you’, which is highly irregular (see NN §993).
tenn ‘the teeth’
(not checked:)
tǫnn (noun f.; °tannar; tenn/tennr/tennar): tooth
[3] tenn: tennr H, Hr
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
rjóða ‘redden’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
Túnsbergi ‘Tønsberg’
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Túnsberg (noun n.): [Tønsberg]
notes
[2, 4] í víðu Túnsbergi ‘in spacious Tønsberg’: Town in Vestfold, south-eastern Norway.
snúna ‘it turned out’
(not checked:)
snúna (verb): turn out, weave together
Hræddusk ‘were terrified’
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3. hræða (verb): fear, be afraid
[5] Hræddusk: hræddisk E, hví hræddusk J2ˣ, 42ˣ
bjartra ‘of bright’
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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
[5] bjartra: bjarta Hr
brodda ‘arrow-points’
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broddr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): point of spear or arrow
býjar ‘The towns’
[6] býjar‑: ‘bæjar‑’ E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, H, Hr
menn ‘people’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < býjarmaðr (noun m.): °townsman, citizen (esp. in Norwegian towns)
við ‘by’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
rennu ‘the rush’
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1. renna (noun f.; °-u): [rush]
uggðu ‘feared’
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ugga (verb): to fear, suspect
notes
[7] uggðu eld ‘feared the fire’: When approaching Tønsberg from the sea, Erlingr and his men loaded a boat with straw and wood and set fire to this cargo. The boat drifted toward the harbour, and Erlingr and his troops, obscured by the smoke, rowed after it and came within shooting distance of Hákon’s forces which were marshalled on the pier. The people of Tønsberg feared that the burning ship would set fire to the town.
eld ‘the fire’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
notes
[7] uggðu eld ‘feared the fire’: When approaching Tønsberg from the sea, Erlingr and his men loaded a boat with straw and wood and set fire to this cargo. The boat drifted toward the harbour, and Erlingr and his troops, obscured by the smoke, rowed after it and came within shooting distance of Hákon’s forces which were marshalled on the pier. The people of Tønsberg feared that the burning ship would set fire to the town.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
sveigðan ‘the bent’
(not checked:)
sveigja (verb): bend
[7] sveigðan: so E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, H, Hr, sveigðir Kˣ, sveigðu F
alm ‘elm-bow’
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almr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): bow, elm-bow
dyn ‘of the clash’
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dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < dynviðr (noun m.)
[8] dynviðir: so E, H, Hr, dynju þér Kˣ, F, dynjaðir J2ˣ, ‘dymoðir’ 42ˣ
kennings
malma dynviðir‘clash-trees of weapons’
= WARRIORS
the clash of weapons → BATTLE
the trees of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
dyn ‘of the clash’
(not checked:)
dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < dynviðr (noun m.)
[8] dynviðir: so E, H, Hr, dynju þér Kˣ, F, dynjaðir J2ˣ, ‘dymoðir’ 42ˣ
kennings
malma dynviðir‘clash-trees of weapons’
= WARRIORS
the clash of weapons → BATTLE
the trees of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
viðir ‘the trees’
(not checked:)
1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree < dynviðr (noun m.)
[8] dynviðir: so E, H, Hr, dynju þér Kˣ, F, dynjaðir J2ˣ, ‘dymoðir’ 42ˣ
kennings
malma dynviðir‘clash-trees of weapons’
= WARRIORS
the clash of weapons → BATTLE
the trees of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
malma ‘of weapons’
(not checked:)
malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
kennings
malma dynviðir‘clash-trees of weapons’
= WARRIORS
the clash of weapons → BATTLE
the trees of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
malma ‘of weapons’
(not checked:)
malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
kennings
malma dynviðir‘clash-trees of weapons’
= WARRIORS
the clash of weapons → BATTLE
the trees of the BATTLE → WARRIORS
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Greitt frák, gumna dróttinn, |
Lord of men [= Erlingr], I heard it turned out smoothly for you in spacious Tønsberg; you are not reluctant to redden the teeth of Gríðr’s <troll-woman’s> steed [WOLF]. The townspeople were terrified by the rush of bright arrow-points; the trees of the clash of weapons [(lit. ‘clash-trees of weapons’) BATTLE > WARRIORS] feared the fire and the bent elm-bow.
The st. documents the battle of Tønsberg (Vestfold, Norway) between Erlingr skakki and King Hákon herðibreiðr ‘Broad-shoulder’ Sigurðarson in 1161.
The same event is described in Anon (MErl).
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