Þorm Lv 16^I

Sex ‘six’

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sex (num. cardinal): six

kennings

notes

[1] sex ‘six’: Five men whom the poet has slain are named in Þorm Lv 13^V (Fbr 29), on which see the Notes in SkP V. In addition, Þormóðr killed King Óláfr’s forecastle-man, according to saga tradition (see the Context to Lv 15).

hefk ‘I have’

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hafa (verb): have

alls ‘in all’

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allr (adj.): all

síz ‘since’

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síz (conj.): since

[1] síz óxu: síðan óxum 142ˣ, 566aˣ, 761bˣ, er ôru DG8

óxu ‘grew’

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vaxa (verb): grow, increase

[1] síz óxu: síðan óxum 142ˣ, 566aˣ, 761bˣ, er ôru DG8

ón ‘of sword’

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ónn (noun m.): sword < ónhjalt (noun n.): sword-hilt

[2] ón‑: en 142ˣ, ór 566aˣ

kennings

notes

[2] Tý ónhjalta ‘the Týr <god> of sword-hilts [WARRIOR = Þormóðr]’: A hjalt is more strictly either a knob at the end of a hilt or the guard between hilt and blade (see Note to Anon Ól 1/5). The meaning of ónn has not been firmly established, though undoubtedly it refers either to a sword or to a part of a sword. It appears in Þul Sverða 11/5^III, and Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 368) renders the word ‘patterning on sword-blade’. (a) The present reading, retaining ms. ón and assuming the sense ‘sword’, is that of Kock (NN §2483). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B emended to Tý óns hjalta, taking ónn hjalta to be a kenning for ‘sword’, and in 1932-3 rejected the hypothesis of Falk (1914b, 19), that this is Ônn, comparable with Swed. dial. ån (m.) and MHG jān (m.) ‘row of mown grass or reaped grain’; Falk noted its appearance in Norwegian place names with the meaning ‘striated meadow’.

hjalta ‘hilts’

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hjalt (noun n.; °; *-): hilt < ónhjalt (noun n.): sword-hilt

kennings

notes

[2] Tý ónhjalta ‘the Týr <god> of sword-hilts [WARRIOR = Þormóðr]’: A hjalt is more strictly either a knob at the end of a hilt or the guard between hilt and blade (see Note to Anon Ól 1/5). The meaning of ónn has not been firmly established, though undoubtedly it refers either to a sword or to a part of a sword. It appears in Þul Sverða 11/5^III, and Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 368) renders the word ‘patterning on sword-blade’. (a) The present reading, retaining ms. ón and assuming the sense ‘sword’, is that of Kock (NN §2483). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B emended to Tý óns hjalta, taking ónn hjalta to be a kenning for ‘sword’, and in 1932-3 rejected the hypothesis of Falk (1914b, 19), that this is Ônn, comparable with Swed. dial. ån (m.) and MHG jān (m.) ‘row of mown grass or reaped grain’; Falk noted its appearance in Norwegian place names with the meaning ‘striated meadow’.

Tý ‘the Týr’

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Týr (noun m.): Týr

[2] Tý: mér all others

kennings

notes

[2] Tý ónhjalta ‘the Týr <god> of sword-hilts [WARRIOR = Þormóðr]’: A hjalt is more strictly either a knob at the end of a hilt or the guard between hilt and blade (see Note to Anon Ól 1/5). The meaning of ónn has not been firmly established, though undoubtedly it refers either to a sword or to a part of a sword. It appears in Þul Sverða 11/5^III, and Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 368) renders the word ‘patterning on sword-blade’. (a) The present reading, retaining ms. ón and assuming the sense ‘sword’, is that of Kock (NN §2483). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B emended to Tý óns hjalta, taking ónn hjalta to be a kenning for ‘sword’, and in 1932-3 rejected the hypothesis of Falk (1914b, 19), that this is Ônn, comparable with Swed. dial. ån (m.) and MHG jān (m.) ‘row of mown grass or reaped grain’; Falk noted its appearance in Norwegian place names with the meaning ‘striated meadow’.

fjónir ‘hostilities’

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fjón (noun f.): hatred

[2] fjónir: fjórir 566aˣ

kenndr ‘known’

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kenna (verb): know, teach

emk ‘I am’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[3] emk (‘em ek’): so 142ˣ, 566aˣ, 761bˣ, er ek Flat, ‘er mek’ DG8

við ‘for’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

styr ‘fighting’

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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle

stundum ‘at times’

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stundum (adv.): at times, sometimes

stál ‘of steel-’

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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálregn (noun n.)

kennings

stál ‘of steel-’

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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálregn (noun n.)

kennings

regns ‘rain’

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regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain < stálregn (noun n.)

[4] ‑regns: ‘rengs’ DG8

kennings

regns ‘rain’

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regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain < stálregn (noun n.)

[4] ‑regns: ‘rengs’ DG8

kennings

boða ‘announcers’

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boði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): messenger, breaker

kennings

vegna ‘killed’

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1. vega (verb): strike, slay

Þó ‘Yet’

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þó (adv.): though

[5] Þó: nú DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

emk ‘I am’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

enn ‘still’

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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

[5] enn at: ok 142ˣ, 566aˣ, 761bˣ, enn ok DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

at ‘to’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

[5] enn at: ok 142ˣ, 566aˣ, 761bˣ, enn ok DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

mun ‘the satisfaction’

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munr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i): mind, pleasure

[5] mun: namk DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

manna ‘of men’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

morðs ‘of battle}’

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1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle

[6] morðs varliga orðinn: morð varlegra forðum DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

varliga ‘barely’

(not checked:)
varliga (adv.): barely

[6] morðs varliga orðinn: morð varlegra forðum DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

orðinn ‘turned’

(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work

[6] morðs varliga orðinn: morð varlegra forðum DG8

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

vér ‘we [I]’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

létum ‘caused’

(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done

þó ‘nonetheless’

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þó (adv.): though

þeira ‘their’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

notes

[7, 8] bíta skarar þeira ‘their scalps to be cleaved’: Lit. ‘to bite their hair’; ‘sword(s)’ must be understood as the implied subject of bíta. 

þrítøgr ‘thirty’

(not checked:)
þrítigr (adj.): thirty

notes

[5-6, 8] þó emk enn varliga orðinn þrítøgr at mun manna morðs ‘yet I am still barely turned thirty to the satisfaction of men of battle [WARRIORS]’: (a) The reading adopted here broadly follows Kock (NN §2484, followed by ÍF 6 and ÍS), except that þó is taken as an adv. within a main clause rather than a conj. introducing a subordinate clause. The interpretation of at mun manna (morðs) as ‘to the satisfaction of men (of battle)’ originates with Gaertner (1907, 333), who compares at mun banda ‘at the will/pleasure of the gods’ (Eskál Vell 8/2, Edáð Banddr 9/1); cf. also í mun manni ‘after the man’s wishes’ (KormǪ Lv 60/3^V (Korm 81)). Its precise meaning in context is not evident, and this seems to have led Finnur Jónsson to emend in Skj B. (b) Skj B reads nú ‘now’ for þó ‘though’ in l. 5 (with Flat, to avoid the repetition of þó in l. 7), ok ‘and’ for at ‘to’ (with all the mss except Flat), man ‘remember’ for mun ‘satisfaction’ (as suggested by Sveinbjörn Egilsson: a common scribal confusion or variation if it is a verb), and morð ‘killing, battle’ for morðs (with DG8), giving the sense ‘now I am hardly yet turned thirty, and I remember the fall of men’. This gives clearer meaning, but it demands the assumption of some scribal improbabilities. For example, it is difficult to see why the reading nú should have been altered to þó everywhere but in the otherwise rather unreliable DG8, while the reverse development is not hard to explain. Further, it creates full rhyme in the odd line (though this is paralleled, e.g. in Þorm Lv 3/1^V (Fbr 19), Lv 6/3^V (Fbr 24) and Lv 8/3^V (Fbr 26)).

skarar ‘scalps’

(not checked:)
skǫr (noun f.; °skarar; skarir): hair, planking

notes

[7, 8] bíta skarar þeira ‘their scalps to be cleaved’: Lit. ‘to bite their hair’; ‘sword(s)’ must be understood as the implied subject of bíta. 

bíta ‘to be cleaved’

(not checked:)
bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite

[8] bíta: om. DG8

notes

[7, 8] bíta skarar þeira ‘their scalps to be cleaved’: Lit. ‘to bite their hair’; ‘sword(s)’ must be understood as the implied subject of bíta.