Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorfinnr munnr, Lausavísur 2’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 847.
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1. røkkva (verb): grow dark
[1] Røkkr: reykr 68, Holm4, ‘Ræ̨kkr’ 325VII
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[2] randar: randa J2ˣ, 321ˣ, Bæb, 61, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, DG8, 141ˣ
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[2] randar: randa J2ˣ, 321ˣ, Bæb, 61, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, DG8, 141ˣ
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
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garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
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garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[2] harða: harði 68
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[2] harða: harði 68
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vilja (verb): want, intend
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
[4] Verdœla ‘of the Verdœlir’: People of Veradalr (Verdalen, Nord-Trøndelag), in which Stiklestad is situated.
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
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3. verja (verb): defend
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all- ((prefix)): very < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler
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ala (verb; °elr; ól, ólu; alinn): to beget, produce, procreate
[6] ǫlum: ǫllum 972ˣ, ‘ollum’ 141ˣ
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sveiti (noun m.; °-a): blood
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Þrœndr (noun m.; °; þrǿndir/þrǿndr): people from Tröndelag
[7] Þrœndr: ‘þręnd’ 325VII
[7] Þrœndr: The people of Þrándheimr (Trøndelag).
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í (prep.): in, into
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Þundr (noun m.): Þundr
[7] Þundar: ‘þr[...]dar’ Holm4, ‘þyndar’ Bb, ‘þundu’ DG8
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eggja (verb; °-að-): urge
[8] eggjumk: eggjum J2ˣ, 321ˣ, 61, Bb, DG8, eggja Flat, 141ˣ
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
[8] vér: nú Bæb, 68, 61, Bb, Tóm, nú added in margin 325VII, ek nú Flat, 141ˣ
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hregg (noun n.): storm
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Røkkr at regni miklu |
It grows dim approaching the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD > BATTLE]; the force of the Verdœlir wants to fight against the valiant prince [Óláfr]. Let us defend the generous mighty ruler; let us feed the cheerful gull of gore [RAVEN/EAGLE]; let us fell the Þrœndr in the storm of Þundr <= Óðinn> [BATTLE]; we are urging this.
In ÓH-Hkr, as for Gizsv Lv. In the less polished context of ÓHLeg, Þorfinnr skald is with the king and speaks the stanza as his troops advance.
For the battle of Stiklastaðir (Stiklestad) and other skaldic poetry associated with it, see the entry on Óláfr Haraldsson in ‘Ruler biographies’ in Introduction to this volume. — [5-8]: The 1st pers. pl. imperatives in this helmingr (verjum ‘let us defend’, l. 5, ǫlum ‘let us feed’, l. 6, and fellum ‘let us fell’, l. 7) are typical of skaldic exhortations to battle; cf. Anon Liðs 1, Rv Lv 31II, Nefari LvII, Blakkr Lv 1II.
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