Þorf Lv 2I
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorfinnr munnr, Lausavísur 2’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 847.
Røkkr ‘It grows dim’
(not checked:)
1. røkkva (verb): grow dark
[1] Røkkr: reykr 68, Holm4, ‘Ræ̨kkr’ 325VII
at ‘approaching’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
miklu ‘the great’
(not checked:)
mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
randar ‘of the shield-rim’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[2] randar: randa J2ˣ, 321ˣ, Bæb, 61, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, DG8, 141ˣ
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
notes
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
randar ‘of the shield-rim’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[2] randar: randa J2ˣ, 321ˣ, Bæb, 61, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, DG8, 141ˣ
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
notes
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
garðs ‘enclosure’
(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
notes
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
garðs ‘enclosure’
(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
notes
[2] garðs randar ‘of the enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD]’: Rǫnd can refer either to a complete shield or to its rim, so if the well-supported gen. pl. reading randa is adopted instead of gen. sg. randar, garðs randa could mean ‘wall of shields, shield-wall’. Either way, Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 27 notes the appropriateness of garðs alongside the weather imagery here, since garðr m. can also refer to a bank of cloud.
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
harða ‘tough’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[2] harða: harði 68
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
harða ‘tough’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[2] harða: harði 68
kennings
miklu regni ins harða garðs randar;‘the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; ’
= BATTLE
the tough enclosure of the shield-rim; → SHIELD
the great downpour of the SHIELD → BATTLE
vill ‘wants’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
snjallan ‘the valiant’
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
notes
[4] Verdœla ‘of the Verdœlir’: People of Veradalr (Verdalen, Nord-Trøndelag), in which Stiklestad is situated.
berjask ‘to fight’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
Verjum ‘Let us defend’
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3. verja (verb): defend
all ‘mighty’
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all- ((prefix)): very < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler
vald ‘ruler’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler
ǫlum ‘let us feed’
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ala (verb; °elr; ól, ólu; alinn): to beget, produce, procreate
[6] ǫlum: ǫllum 972ˣ, ‘ollum’ 141ˣ
kennings
teitan mô sveita;‘the cheerful gull of gore; ’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the cheerful gull of gore; → RAVEN/EAGLE
kennings
teitan mô sveita;‘the cheerful gull of gore; ’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the cheerful gull of gore; → RAVEN/EAGLE
sveita ‘of gore’
(not checked:)
sveiti (noun m.; °-a): blood
kennings
teitan mô sveita;‘the cheerful gull of gore; ’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the cheerful gull of gore; → RAVEN/EAGLE
Þrœndr ‘the Þrœndr’
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Þrœndr (noun m.; °; þrǿndir/þrǿndr): people from Tröndelag
[7] Þrœndr: ‘þręnd’ 325VII
notes
[7] Þrœndr: The people of Þrándheimr (Trøndelag).
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
Þundar ‘of Þundr’
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Þundr (noun m.): Þundr
[7] Þundar: ‘þr[...]dar’ Holm4, ‘þyndar’ Bb, ‘þundu’ DG8
kennings
hreggi Þundar;‘the storm of Þundr; ’
= BATTLE
the storm of Þundr; → BATTLE
eggjumk ‘urging’
(not checked:)
eggja (verb; °-að-): urge
[8] eggjumk: eggjum J2ˣ, 321ˣ, 61, Bb, DG8, eggja Flat, 141ˣ
vér ‘we are’
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
[8] vér: nú Bæb, 68, 61, Bb, Tóm, nú added in margin 325VII, ek nú Flat, 141ˣ
hreggi ‘the storm’
(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm
kennings
hreggi Þundar;‘the storm of Þundr; ’
= BATTLE
the storm of Þundr; → BATTLE
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Røkkr at regni miklu |
It grows dim approaching the great downpour of the tough enclosure of the shield-rim [SHIELD > BATTLE]; the force of the Verdœlir wants to fight against the valiant prince [Óláfr]. Let us defend the generous mighty ruler; let us feed the cheerful gull of gore [RAVEN/EAGLE]; let us fell the Þrœndr in the storm of Þundr <= Óðinn> [BATTLE]; we are urging this.
In ÓH-Hkr, as for Gizsv Lv. In the less polished context of ÓHLeg, Þorfinnr skald is with the king and speaks the stanza as his troops advance.
For the battle of Stiklastaðir (Stiklestad) and other skaldic poetry associated with it, see the entry on Óláfr Haraldsson in ‘Ruler biographies’ in Introduction to this volume. — [5-8]: The 1st pers. pl. imperatives in this helmingr (verjum ‘let us defend’, l. 5, ǫlum ‘let us feed’, l. 6, and fellum ‘let us fell’, l. 7) are typical of skaldic exhortations to battle; cf. Anon Liðs 1, Rv Lv 31II, Nefari LvII, Blakkr Lv 1II.
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