Þmaur Frag 1III
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2017, ‘Þórðr mauraskáld, Fragment 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 475.
notes
[1] sér á ‘one can see from’: Sér ‘sees’ is assumed here to have an unexpressed subject. It could alternatively have the kenning in l. 3 as its subject (see Note to [All] above). Either way, the unknown warrior’s noble birth shows in his appearance, or perhaps his behaviour.
notes
[1] sér á ‘one can see from’: Sér ‘sees’ is assumed here to have an unexpressed subject. It could alternatively have the kenning in l. 3 as its subject (see Note to [All] above). Either way, the unknown warrior’s noble birth shows in his appearance, or perhaps his behaviour.
kennings
rýri seima,‘the diminisher of gold, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the diminisher of gold, → GENEROUS MAN
rýri ‘the diminisher’
(not checked:)
rýrir (noun m.): diminsher, destroyer
kennings
rýri seima,‘the diminisher of gold, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the diminisher of gold, → GENEROUS MAN
kennings
Hermóðr látrs sigðis‘the Hermóðr of the lair of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
the lair of the sword → SHIELD
the Hermóðr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
notes
[2] sigðis ‘of the sword’: For this sword-heiti, see Note to Þul Sverða 9/5.
kennings
Hermóðr látrs sigðis‘the Hermóðr of the lair of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
the lair of the sword → SHIELD
the Hermóðr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
notes
[2] sigðis ‘of the sword’: For this sword-heiti, see Note to Þul Sverða 9/5.
kennings
Hermóðr látrs sigðis‘the Hermóðr of the lair of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
the lair of the sword → SHIELD
the Hermóðr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
kennings
Hermóðr látrs sigðis‘the Hermóðr of the lair of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
the lair of the sword → SHIELD
the Hermóðr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
átti ‘had’
(not checked:)
2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
[2] átti: atti or ‘atri’ C
kennings
glaðsendir hrauns handa,‘cheerful sender of the rock of hands, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the rock of hands, → GOLD
cheerful sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[3] hrauns ‘of the rock’: If Þórðr was Icelandic, the specifically Icelandic sense ‘lava’ would also be possible.
kennings
glaðsendir hrauns handa,‘cheerful sender of the rock of hands, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the rock of hands, → GOLD
cheerful sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[3] hrauns ‘of the rock’: If Þórðr was Icelandic, the specifically Icelandic sense ‘lava’ would also be possible.
glað ‘cheerful’
(not checked:)
2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad < glaðsendir (noun m.): [cheerful sender]
[3] glaðsendir: glóðsendir A, glaðs undins B
kennings
glaðsendir hrauns handa,‘cheerful sender of the rock of hands, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the rock of hands, → GOLD
cheerful sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
sendir ‘sender’
(not checked:)
sendir (noun m.): sender, distributor < glaðsendir (noun m.): [cheerful sender]
[3] glaðsendir: glóðsendir A, glaðs undins B
kennings
glaðsendir hrauns handa,‘cheerful sender of the rock of hands, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the rock of hands, → GOLD
cheerful sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
handa ‘of hands’
(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
kennings
glaðsendir hrauns handa,‘cheerful sender of the rock of hands, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the rock of hands, → GOLD
cheerful sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
handa ‘of hands’
(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
kennings
glaðsendir hrauns handa,‘cheerful sender of the rock of hands, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the rock of hands, → GOLD
cheerful sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
Hermóðr ‘the Hermóðr’
(not checked:)
Hermóðr (noun m.): Hermóðr, War-weary
kennings
Hermóðr látrs sigðis‘the Hermóðr of the lair of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
the lair of the sword → SHIELD
the Hermóðr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
fǫður ‘father’
(not checked:)
faðir (noun m.): father
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The helmingr is the last of a series of citations illustrating kennings for ‘gold’.
The numerous kenning elements appear to form three kennings. The first kenning (l. 1), based on rýrir ‘diminisher’ and the third (ll. 2, 4), based on Hermóðr, appear to refer to the same person, but there is disagreement about the place of the second (l. 3), based on glaðsendir ‘cheerful sender’. In the construal shown above (adopted in SnE 1848-87, I, 406-7, III, 70-1 and Skj B), the kenning in l. 3 forms an apostrophe. The main alternatives are that it stands in apposition to the warrior-kenning based on Hermóðr (an option favoured by Faulkes in SnE 1998, I, 190, and apparently by Kock in Skald and NN §§904, 1855) or that it is the subject of sér ‘sees’ (also mentioned by Faulkes). In the latter case, however, the poet would be referring to himself, and doing so in an unusually laudatory way.
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