Þloft Tøgdr 7I
Matthew Townend (ed.) 2012, ‘Þórarinn loftunga, Tøgdrápa 7’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 861.
Gjǫld ‘repayment’
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gjald (noun n.): payment, reward, return
hefk ‘I have’
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hafa (verb): have
marka ‘marks’
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mark (noun n.; °-s; *-): sign
notes
[1, 3] fimm tega marka ‘fifty marks’: Lit. ‘five tens of marks’; an enormous sum. Fidjestøl (1984b, 62) calculates that this equates to 25 pounds of high-quality silver, or the value of about 200 cows. The minor emendation of acc. pl. tigu to gen. pl. tega suggested by Kock (NN §786) is necessary since gjǫld ‘(re)payment’ takes the gen. of the thing for which recompense is made (LP: gjald 1). For the root vowel in tega, see ANG §395 Anm. 3.
malm ‘of metal’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal < malmdynr (noun m.)
[2] malm‑: malms 41ˣ
kennings
hlyn malmdyns‘the maple of metal-din ’
= WARRIOR
metal-din → BATTLE
the maple of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
malm ‘of metal’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal < malmdynr (noun m.)
[2] malm‑: malms 41ˣ
kennings
hlyn malmdyns‘the maple of metal-din ’
= WARRIOR
metal-din → BATTLE
the maple of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
dyns ‘din’
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dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < malmdynr (noun m.)
kennings
hlyn malmdyns‘the maple of metal-din ’
= WARRIOR
metal-din → BATTLE
the maple of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
dyns ‘din’
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dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < malmdynr (noun m.)
kennings
hlyn malmdyns‘the maple of metal-din ’
= WARRIOR
metal-din → BATTLE
the maple of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
fyr ‘before’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
hlyn ‘the maple’
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hlynr (noun m.; °-s): maple
kennings
hlyn malmdyns‘the maple of metal-din ’
= WARRIOR
metal-din → BATTLE
the maple of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
framm ‘forward’
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
fimm ‘fif’
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fimm (num. cardinal): five
notes
[1, 3] fimm tega marka ‘fifty marks’: Lit. ‘five tens of marks’; an enormous sum. Fidjestøl (1984b, 62) calculates that this equates to 25 pounds of high-quality silver, or the value of about 200 cows. The minor emendation of acc. pl. tigu to gen. pl. tega suggested by Kock (NN §786) is necessary since gjǫld ‘(re)payment’ takes the gen. of the thing for which recompense is made (LP: gjald 1). For the root vowel in tega, see ANG §395 Anm. 3.
tega ‘ty’
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tigr (noun m.; °-ar/-s(DN II (1309) 80¹², etc.); -ir, acc. -u): a ten of, a decade; a ten of, a decade
[3] tega: tigu JÓ, 20dˣ, 41ˣ, ‘tige’ 873ˣ
notes
[1, 3] fimm tega marka ‘fifty marks’: Lit. ‘five tens of marks’; an enormous sum. Fidjestøl (1984b, 62) calculates that this equates to 25 pounds of high-quality silver, or the value of about 200 cows. The minor emendation of acc. pl. tigu to gen. pl. tega suggested by Kock (NN §786) is necessary since gjǫld ‘(re)payment’ takes the gen. of the thing for which recompense is made (LP: gjald 1). For the root vowel in tega, see ANG §395 Anm. 3.
forvíst ‘most certainly’
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forvíst (adv.): [most certainly]
notes
[4] forvíst ‘most certainly’: (a) Skj B and LP: forvist take this as the noun forvist f. ‘care, custodianship’ (not recorded elsewhere in skaldic poetry), seemingly in apposition to gjǫld (and governing fimm tøgu/tega, hence ‘custodianship of fifty marks’), as the object of borit ‘brought’. (b) Kock, however (NN §786, followed by ÍF 35), offers the preferable interpretation that what we have is the common adv. víst ‘certainly’, preceded by the intensifying prefix for-.
borit ‘brought’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
þeiras ‘which’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
veitti ‘gave’
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
víghagr ‘the slaying-skilled’
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víghagr (adj.): [slaying-skilled]
kennings
víghagr morðstœrir‘the slaying-skilled battle-increaser ’
= WARRIOR
the slaying-skilled battle-increaser → WARRIOR
brag ‘a poem’
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bragr (noun m.; °-ar): poem, poetry
mér ‘me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
morð ‘battle’
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1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle < morðstœrir (noun m.): [battle-increaser]
kennings
víghagr morðstœrir‘the slaying-skilled battle-increaser ’
= WARRIOR
the slaying-skilled battle-increaser → WARRIOR
stœrir ‘increaser’
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stœrir (noun m.): increaser < morðstœrir (noun m.): [battle-increaser]
kennings
víghagr morðstœrir‘the slaying-skilled battle-increaser ’
= WARRIOR
the slaying-skilled battle-increaser → WARRIOR
mannbaldr ‘the outstanding man’
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mannbaldr (noun m.): outstanding man
notes
[8] mannbaldr (m. acc. sg.) ‘the outstanding man’: Lit. perhaps ‘human hero’ or ‘hero of a man’, as also in SnSt Ht 36/6III. Baldr is here taken as a common noun cognate with OE bealdor ‘hero, lord’ (cf. AEW: baldr 2), and the usage may be influenced by OE (see Kock, NN §787; Hofmann 1955, 76, 94). By contrast Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; LP: mann-Baldr) assumes that this is the name of the god, giving mann-Baldr with the sense ‘a Baldr among men’.
es ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
fann ‘met’
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2. finna (verb): find, meet
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The stanza is quoted in Knýtl, at the conclusion of the story of Þórarinn’s ‘head-ransom’ poem (see his Biography), and is introduced, Síðan orti Þórarinn aðra drápu um Knút konung, ok er þat kǫlluð Tøgdrápa. Þar segir svá ‘Afterwards Þórarinn composed another drápa about King Knútr, and that is called Tøgdrápa. There it says this’.
Skj B (followed by Skald) presents this as the first extant stanza of Þloft Tøgdr, perhaps influenced by the introduction in Knýtl (see Context above). However, the gjǫld ‘repayment’ referred to in l. 1 seems to be the present poem, rather than the earlier Þloft Hfl, which is the bragr ‘poem’ mentioned in l. 6; this suggests that this stanza should come at the end of the present poem’s recitation, rather than at the beginning. The sequence of thought and events is thus that Þloft Hfl merited a payment of fifty marks, which in turn merited a repayment through poetic service. See also Fidjestøl (1982, 126, 172), who supports this re-ordering.
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