Þjsk Lv 6^I

Hvarf ‘vanished’

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1. hverfa (verb): turn, disappear

inn ‘The’

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2. inn (art.): the

hildardjarfi ‘battle-bold’

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hildardjarfr (adj.): [battle-bold]

hvat ‘what’

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hvat (pron.): what

varð ‘became’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

af ‘of’

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af (prep.): from

Þorgarði ‘Þorgarðr’

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Þórgarðr (noun m.): [Þorgarðr]

notes

[2] Þorgarði ‘Þorgarðr’: See Context. 

villumaðr ‘false one’

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villumaðr (noun m.): false one, heretic

notes

[3] villumaðr ‘false one’: From villa f. ‘error, falsehood, going astray’. A note of Christian condemnation is probably present, as in the epithet fjǫlkunnr ‘sorcerous, magic-working’ in l. 6, and villumaðr usually means ‘heretic’, both in prose (CVC, Fritzner: villumaðr) and in its sole other skaldic instance (Anon Heil 10/4^VII). Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) took villumaðr refilstíga to mean vildman fra vildstierne ‘wild man from the wild paths’, and in LP: villumaðr suggested the sense ‘being which appears to be a man but is not’.

á ‘on’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

velli ‘plain’

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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field

víg ‘slaughter’

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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle < vígdjarfr (adj.): battle-bold

djarfr ‘bold’

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djarfr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bold < vígdjarfr (adj.): battle-bold

refilstíga ‘secret paths’

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refilstígr (noun m.): [secret paths]

[4] refilstíga: refils stíga 4867ˣ, 563aˣ

notes

[4] refilstíga ‘on secret paths’: This is taken here as acc. pl. used adverbially (so also Kock, NN §426). The sense ‘secret paths’ fits the context here and that in Gylf (SnE 2005, 7-8), where Gylfi arrives at the hall of the gods, incognito (as he thinks) and saying that he has come af refilstígum ‘from the trackless ways/secret paths’ (so Faulkes, SnE 2005, 132). The etymology and exact meaning of this rare cpd are unclear. In ModIcel. it means ‘wrong track’. De Vries (AEW: refill 3) associates refilstígar with the sea-king name Refill, which in turn is linked to refr m. ‘fox’. Janzén (1945, 187) suggests the refil- element is related to a Norw. dialect word meaning ‘tumble off’, whereas according to ÍO: refil- it is refill m. ‘strip’. Poole (2005b, 110) suggests ‘entrenched path, path along a shallow dip in the terrain’; he cites in support the word blóðrefill, which refers to the groove running the length of a sword-blade.

Farit ‘gone’

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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel

notes

[5] farit at grjóti ‘gone into the ground’: Lit. ‘gone to gravel or stone’. Skj B has er sunken i stengrunden ‘has sunk into the stony ground’.

hefr ‘has’

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hafa (verb): have

Gautr ‘Gautr’

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2. Gautr (noun m.): Gautr, Óðinn

kennings

at ‘into’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

notes

[5] farit at grjóti ‘gone into the ground’: Lit. ‘gone to gravel or stone’. Skj B has er sunken i stengrunden ‘has sunk into the stony ground’.

grjóti ‘ground’

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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone

notes

[5] farit at grjóti ‘gone into the ground’: Lit. ‘gone to gravel or stone’. Skj B has er sunken i stengrunden ‘has sunk into the stony ground’.

gunn ‘of war’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame

kennings

gunn ‘of war’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame

kennings

elds ‘flame’

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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame

kennings

elds ‘flame’

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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire < gunneldr (noun m.): battle-fire, war-flame

kennings

inn ‘The’

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2. inn (art.): the

kennings

fjǫlkunni ‘sorcerous’

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fjǫlkunnr (adj.): [sorcerous]

kennings

síðan ‘now’

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síðan (adv.): later, then

mun ‘will’

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munu (verb): will, must

hann ‘he’

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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

[7] hann: halr 4867ˣ

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

helju ‘Hell’

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1. hel (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju): death, Hel, hell

hvílask ‘linger’

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2. hvíla (verb): rest

stund ‘while’

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stund (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): time, hour

notes

[8] stund ok mílu ‘for a while and a bit’: Lit. ‘a while and a mile’. The single other skaldic attestation of míla f. ‘mile’ is in the C14th Anon Heil 13/4^VII (cf. another parallel with Heil in Note to l. 3), and it is only otherwise known in late prose. The present stanza is therefore unlikely to date from the C10th.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[8] stund ok mílu ‘for a while and a bit’: Lit. ‘a while and a mile’. The single other skaldic attestation of míla f. ‘mile’ is in the C14th Anon Heil 13/4^VII (cf. another parallel with Heil in Note to l. 3), and it is only otherwise known in late prose. The present stanza is therefore unlikely to date from the C10th.

mílu ‘bit’

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míla (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [bit, miles]

notes

[8] stund ok mílu ‘for a while and a bit’: Lit. ‘a while and a mile’. The single other skaldic attestation of míla f. ‘mile’ is in the C14th Anon Heil 13/4^VII (cf. another parallel with Heil in Note to l. 3), and it is only otherwise known in late prose. The present stanza is therefore unlikely to date from the C10th.