ÞjóðA Sex 6II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Sexstefja 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 117-18.
Þjóð ‘People’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
veit ‘know’
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1. vita (verb): know
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
hefr ‘has’
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hafa (verb): have
háðar ‘fought’
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2. heyja (verb): fight, wage (battle)
grimmligar ‘ ferocious’
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grimmligr (adj.): terrible, fierce < hvargrimmligr (adj.)
rimmur ‘battles’
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rimma (noun f.; °-u): battle
notes
[3, 4] sáttir hafa opt rofizk fyr jǫfri ‘peace has [lit. treatises have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler’: This is assumed here to refer to Haraldr’s propensity for warfare. If sáttir referred to particular truces or treaties, the statement would present Haraldr unflatteringly as a breaker of them, but Finnur Jónsson may be correct in claiming (in Hkr 1893-1901, IV) that sáttir need only mean ‘peace’ in a general sense.
hafa ‘has [lit. treaties have]’
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hafa (verb): have
notes
[3, 4] sáttir hafa opt rofizk fyr jǫfri ‘peace has [lit. treatises have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler’: This is assumed here to refer to Haraldr’s propensity for warfare. If sáttir referred to particular truces or treaties, the statement would present Haraldr unflatteringly as a breaker of them, but Finnur Jónsson may be correct in claiming (in Hkr 1893-1901, IV) that sáttir need only mean ‘peace’ in a general sense.
opt ‘often’
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opt (adv.): often
notes
[3, 4] sáttir hafa opt rofizk fyr jǫfri ‘peace has [lit. treatises have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler’: This is assumed here to refer to Haraldr’s propensity for warfare. If sáttir referred to particular truces or treaties, the statement would present Haraldr unflatteringly as a breaker of them, but Finnur Jónsson may be correct in claiming (in Hkr 1893-1901, IV) that sáttir need only mean ‘peace’ in a general sense.
fyr ‘at the hands of’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
notes
[3, 4] sáttir hafa opt rofizk fyr jǫfri ‘peace has [lit. treatises have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler’: This is assumed here to refer to Haraldr’s propensity for warfare. If sáttir referred to particular truces or treaties, the statement would present Haraldr unflatteringly as a breaker of them, but Finnur Jónsson may be correct in claiming (in Hkr 1893-1901, IV) that sáttir need only mean ‘peace’ in a general sense.
jǫfri ‘the ruler’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
notes
[3, 4] sáttir hafa opt rofizk fyr jǫfri ‘peace has [lit. treatises have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler’: This is assumed here to refer to Haraldr’s propensity for warfare. If sáttir referred to particular truces or treaties, the statement would present Haraldr unflatteringly as a breaker of them, but Finnur Jónsson may be correct in claiming (in Hkr 1893-1901, IV) that sáttir need only mean ‘peace’ in a general sense.
átján ‘eighteen’
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áttján (num. cardinal): eighteen
Haraldr ‘Haraldr’
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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr
sáttir ‘peace’
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sátt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): settlement
notes
[3, 4] sáttir hafa opt rofizk fyr jǫfri ‘peace has [lit. treatises have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler’: This is assumed here to refer to Haraldr’s propensity for warfare. If sáttir referred to particular truces or treaties, the statement would present Haraldr unflatteringly as a breaker of them, but Finnur Jónsson may be correct in claiming (in Hkr 1893-1901, IV) that sáttir need only mean ‘peace’ in a general sense.
arnar ‘eagle’
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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle
hvassar ‘the sharp’
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
[5] hvassar: hvassan Hr
hróðigr ‘triumphant’
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hróðigr (adj.): glorious
konungr ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
blóði ‘with blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
ímr ‘the dark wolf’
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ímr (noun m.): dark wolf, dusky one
gat ‘got’
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
krôs ‘a morsel’
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krás (noun f.; °; -ir): morsel
[7] krôs (‘kras’): so Hr, kárs Kˣ, H, ‘cars’ 39, ‘kars’ F, E, J2ˣ
notes
[7] krôs ‘a morsel’: Unusually, Hr is alone in having what seems to be the correct reading, and one wonders whether the other mss could contain a genuine, metathesised variant. The noun is f. and most often found in pl. krásir.
klœr ‘claws’
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klár (noun n.): [claws]
áðr ‘before’
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
hingat ‘here [to Norway]’
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hingat (adv.): (to) here
fœrir ‘you travelled’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
[8] fœrir: ‘færít’ F, ‘færim’ E, ‘færi’ Hr
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
People know that Haraldr has fought eighteen most ferocious battles; peace has [lit. treaties have] often been slashed at the hands of the ruler. You reddened the sharp claws of the grey eagle with blood, triumphant king, before you travelled here [to Norway]; the dark wolf got a morsel wherever you went.
In Hkr, after triumphs in the land of the Saracens (Serkland) and Sicily (Sikiley), Haraldr returns to Constantinople (Miklagarðr) then journeys to Jerusalem. It is said that he fought eighteen pitched battles in the course of all his travels. In H-Hr, the summary follows a narrative about Haraldr’s defeat of a Sicilian city through feigning his own death.
The first helmingr uses 3rd pers. verbs to present common knowledge about Haraldr’s achievements; in the second Haraldr is addressed directly with 2nd pers. sg. rautt ‘you reddened’ and 2nd pers. pl. kómuð ‘you went’ as well as the apostrophe hróðigr konungr ‘triumphant king’.
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