Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Sexstefja 22

Diana Whaley

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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ÞjóðA Sex 22^II

Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Sexstefja 22’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 136-7.

Þjóðólfr Arnórsson Sexstefja

21 22 23

kennings

hristir hertoga
‘the shaker of war-leaders ’
= RULER
the shaker of war-leaders → RULER

notes

[3] hristir hertoga ‘the shaker of war-leaders [RULER]’: An unusual kenning, since hristir ‘shaker’ normally appears in warrior-kennings with terms for weapons or treasure as the determinant (Meissner 296), but cf. hneykir hertoga ‘confounder of war-leaders’ in st. 8/1. For the word hertogi ‘duke’, lit. ‘army leader’ or ‘war-leader’, see Notes to Ólhv Hryn 5/8 and Sturl Hákkv 23/8.

hristir ‘the shaker’

(not checked:)
hristir (noun m.): shaker

kennings

hristir hertoga
‘the shaker of war-leaders ’
= RULER
the shaker of war-leaders → RULER

notes

Heina ‘the Heinir’

(not checked:)
heinir (noun m.): inhabitant of Hedemarken

[4] Heina: so 39, F, E, J2ˣ, H, hann eina possibly corrected to heina Kˣ, heima Hr

notes

[4, 6] Heina; Hringum ‘the Heinir; the Hringar’: The people of Hedmark (Heiðmǫrk) and Ringerike (Hringaríki), respectively. Both their domains lie north of Oslofjorden and Viken, Hedmark in the east of Norway and Ringerike to its south and west.

illum ‘with a dire’

(not checked:)
illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell

steini ‘stone’

(not checked:)
steinn (noun m.; °steins; steinar): stone, colour

Lífs ‘lives’

(not checked:)
líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life

bôðu ‘begged’

(not checked:)
biðja (verb; °biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661, cf. ed. intr. xl)): ask for, order, pray

sér ‘for their’

(not checked:)
sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

lýðir ‘The people’

(not checked:)
lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people

[5] lýðir: ‘lyðar’ E, FskBˣ, liðar FskAˣ

logi ‘fire’

(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame

[6] logi: so all others, logaði Kˣ

þingaði ‘pronounced’

(not checked:)
þinga (verb): pronounce, pledge

Hringum ‘on the Hringar’

(not checked:)
2. Hringr (noun m.; °-s): Hringr

notes

nauðgan ‘an enforced’

(not checked:)
nauðigr (adj.; °nauðgan; superl. nauðgastr): reluctant(ly), under duress

[7] nauðgan: ‘nꜹðgam’ F

dóm ‘verdict’

(not checked:)
dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix)

áðr ‘before’

(not checked:)
áðr (adv.; °//): before

[7] áðr: áðr enn FskAˣ

næmisk ‘took place’

(not checked:)
2. næma (verb): [took place]

[7] næmisk: næði F, E, FskBˣ, Mork, Flat, H, Hr

niðr ‘the cessation’

(not checked:)
3. niðr (adv.): down < niðrfall (noun n.)

fall ‘’

(not checked:)
fall (noun n.; °-s; *-): fall < niðrfall (noun n.)

Hôolfs ‘of Hálfr’

(not checked:)
Halfr (noun m.): Hálfr

[8] Hôolfs (‘hálfs’): hafs FskBˣ

kennings

galla Hôolfs
‘of the destruction of Hálfr ’
= FIRE
the destruction of Hálfr → FIRE

notes

[8] galla Hôolfs ‘of the destruction of Hálfr <legendary king> [FIRE]’: This is a reference to the burning-in of King Hálfr (Hálf chs 12-13). The fire-kenning bani Holfs ‘death of Hálfr’ is found in Þjóð Yt 6/7^I. Holfs is disyllabic; see LP: Hlfr and references there.

galla ‘of the destruction’

(not checked:)
1. galli (noun m.): destruction

kennings

galla Hôolfs
‘of the destruction of Hálfr ’
= FIRE
the destruction of Hálfr → FIRE

notes

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Following st. 20, Haraldr continues his punitive ravaging of Opplandene (Upplǫnd). In Hkr and H-Hr, Haraldr harries Hedmark (Heiðmǫrk), Hadeland (Haðaland) and Ringerike (Hringaríki). In Fsk, Mork and Flat, he proceeds to Ringerike, where he burns settlements. Þjóðolfr’s reference to the people’s submission to Haraldr is noted.

In Mork and Flat, st. 22/5-8 forms the first half of a st. with 11/5-8. Mork has ll. 5-6 in main text, and 7-8 in the upper margin in the same hand.

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ÞjóðA Sex 22II

Gagn ‘The assets’

brann ‘burned up’

greypra ‘of bold’

þegna ‘retainers’

glóð ‘embers’

varð ‘were’

fǫst ‘lodged’

í ‘in’

tróði ‘the thatch’

laust ‘struck’

hertoga ‘of war-leaders’

kennings

notes

hristir ‘the shaker’

kennings

notes

Heina ‘the Heinir’

notes

illum ‘with a dire’

steini ‘stone’

Lífs ‘lives’

bôðu ‘begged’

sér ‘for their’

lýðir ‘The people’

logi ‘fire’

þingaði ‘pronounced’

Hringum ‘on the Hringar’

notes

nauðgan ‘an enforced’

dóm ‘verdict’

áðr ‘before’

næmisk ‘took place’

niðr ‘the cessation’

fall ‘’

Hôolfs ‘of Hálfr’

kennings

notes

galla ‘of the destruction’

kennings

notes

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ÞjóðA Sex 22^II