ÞjóðA Sex 20II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Sexstefja 20’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 134-5.
lystir ‘eager’
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lystr (adj.): eager
land ‘The lands’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landkarl (noun m.)
notes
[2] landkarlar ‘the landsmen’: A hap. leg., whose exact sense is unclear; LP glosses it as bonde ‘farmer’.
karlar ‘men’
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karl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): (old) man < landkarl (noun m.)
notes
[2] landkarlar ‘the landsmen’: A hap. leg., whose exact sense is unclear; LP glosses it as bonde ‘farmer’.
gram ‘the king’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
varla ‘hardly’
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varla (adv.): hardly
gerði ‘committed’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[3] á jǫrðu ‘in the land’: (a) The adverbial is here taken with gerði ódœmi ‘committed outrage’ in the intercalated cl., as by Kock (NN §806). This avoids unforced fragmentation of the intercalated cl. (b) It could alternatively be construed with sœma lǫg ‘honour the law’ in the outer cl., as in the other eds and translations listed above.
jǫrðu ‘the land’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
notes
[3] á jǫrðu ‘in the land’: (a) The adverbial is here taken with gerði ódœmi ‘committed outrage’ in the intercalated cl., as by Kock (NN §806). This avoids unforced fragmentation of the intercalated cl. (b) It could alternatively be construed with sœma lǫg ‘honour the law’ in the outer cl., as in the other eds and translations listed above.
ódœmi ‘outrage’
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ódœmi (noun n.): outrage, the unthinkable
lǫg ‘the law’
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lag (noun n.; °-s; *-): layer; (pl.) law
sœma ‘to honour’
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sœma (verb): honour
því ‘that’
[5] því: þar Hr
ráði ‘action’
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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
þjóðar ‘of the people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
[5] þjóðar: þjóðir FskAˣ, þjóða Mork, Flat, H, Hr
þeim ‘of those’
[6] þeim: ‘[...]’ Mork, þeir Flat
brutu ‘broke’
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brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy
[6] brutu: ‘[...]to’ Mork
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
troll ‘trolls’
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troll (noun n.; °-s; -): troll
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
ollu ‘directed’
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valda (verb): cause
hæls ‘of the heel’
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1. hæll (noun m.; °hǽls, dat. hǽli; hǽlar): heel
[7] hæls: ‘hlíess’ Hr
kennings
hleypikjóla hæls‘the speeding ships of the heel ’
= SHOES
the speeding ships of the heel → SHOES
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
hleypi ‘the speeding’
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hleypa (verb): impell, make run < hleypikjóll (noun m.)
kennings
hleypikjóla hæls‘the speeding ships of the heel ’
= SHOES
the speeding ships of the heel → SHOES
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
kjóla ‘ships’
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kjóll (noun m.): ship < hleypikjóll (noun m.)
kennings
hleypikjóla hæls‘the speeding ships of the heel ’
= SHOES
the speeding ships of the heel → SHOES
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
hrís ‘brushwood’
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hrís (noun n.; °; -): [brushwood, brush]
notes
[6, 7, 8] troll brutu hrís í hleypikjóla hæls ‘trolls broke brushwood in the speeding ships of the heel [SHOES]’: Troll here seems to be a rather general, even tongue-in-cheek, reference to supernatural beings, such as the ones invoked in various oaths and curses, usually consigning enemies to the trolls, e.g. HólmgB Lv 11/5V, KormǪ Lv 44/8V, VígVest Lv l. 2V. The kenning hleypikjóla hæls designates a shoe using a term for ‘ship’ as base-word qualified by a determinant referring to the foot. This is unusual but not unparalleled: see Meissner 434. The idea seems to be that trolls break off twigs of brushwood and stuff it in the shoes of Haraldr’s enemies to prevent their progress, hence cause trouble generally (so Andersson and Gade 2000, 477). There are no close parallels to this idiom (brjóta hrís, attested in Fritzner: hrís 2, is literal, not figurative), though LP: brjóta 5 compares another figurative usage from Þjóðolfr, brjóta sér byrðar, lit. ‘break off a burden for oneself’, hence ‘make difficulties for oneself’, st. 25/5, 8.
and ‘’
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and- ((prefix)): enemy- < andskoti (noun m.): enemy, devil
skotum ‘adversaries’
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skoti (noun m.; °; -ar): [adversaries] < andskoti (noun m.): enemy, devil
[8] ‑skotum: ‑skota FskAˣ
vísa ‘of the prince’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Haraldr comes into conflict with the Upplendingar, who maintain that they have ancient privileges given them by Óláfr Haraldsson for their support of him at the battle of Nesjar. This was shortly before the battle at the Nissan (Niz) estuary according to Fsk, or the winter when Haraldr fought Hákon jarl Ívarsson according to H-Hr.
H-Hr cites this st. explicitly from drápu þeirri, er hann orti um Harald konúng ‘the drápa that he [Þjóðólfr] composed about King Haraldr’.
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