Þjóð Yt 26^I

Ok ‘And’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

mið ‘’

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mið- ((prefix)): [earth] < miðkvísl (noun f.)

nið ‘the descendants’

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1. niðr (noun m.; °-s; niðjar/niðir, acc. niði): son, kinsman, relative < niðkvísl (noun f.)1. niðr (noun m.; °-s; niðjar/niðir, acc. niði): son, kinsman, relative

[1] nið‑: mið‑ R685ˣ

kvilli ‘’

kvísl ‘’

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kvísl (noun f.; °; -ir/-ar): °gren af slægt, slægtled, slægt, folkestamme; flodarm, biflod, forgrening, hovedløb; fork, greb, høtyv; tand på greb; gren på træ; kvist, stængel, gren; hjortetak, gren af gevir; arm på lysestage; skaft/stav på bogstavet y < niðkvísl (noun f.)kvísl (noun f.; °; -ir/-ar): °gren af slægt, slægtled, slægt, folkestamme; flodarm, biflod, forgrening, hovedløb; fork, greb, høtyv; tand på greb; gren på træ; kvist, stængel, gren; hjortetak, gren af gevir; arm på lysestage; skaft/stav på bogstavet y < miðkvísl (noun f.)

[1] ‑kvísl: ‘‑kvilli’ papp18ˣ

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

[2] í: om. papp18ˣ

Nóregi ‘Norway’

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Noregr (noun m.): Norway

þróttar ‘of strength’

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þróttr (noun m.): strength, might, valour

notes

[3] Þrós þróttar ‘of the Þrór <god> of strength’: Almost all interpreters view Þrór as a pers. n., and the poetic evidence clearly indicates a name for Óðinn: cf. Grí 49/6, Þul Óðins 8/4^III and the kennings in LP: Þrór 1. For Yt this raises the difficulty that niðkvísl Þrós ‘the descendants of Þrór’ (lit. ‘the descent-branch of Þrór’) would be an assertion that the Norwegian Ynglingar descended from Óðinn (Skj B; Norr 1998, 86-9), contrary to assertions of descent from Freyr (afspring Freys st. 10/11, ttungr Freys st. 16/7). Various explanations have been sought to avoid this contradiction. Most claim Þrór in this case refers either to Freyr or to an undetermined divine being, or mention both Óðinn and Freyr without venturing a solution (ÍF 26; Hkr 1991). The etymologies adduced in explanation of the name indicate the fertility god Freyr rather than Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 8/4^III; AEW: Þrór; Falk 1924, 30-1 and cf. Jungner 1919, 82-3). The most likely explanation is that the word originally meant an unidentified divine being whose name was later transferred to Óðinn (so Schück 1905-10, 39 and others). Þróttr is attested both as a noun ‘might, strength’ and as a name for Óðinn, see LP: þróttr. However, it has not often been interpreted as an Óðinn-heiti here, because this would require taking þrór to be an adj. (see Björn Magnússon Ólsen 1902, 195; Falk 1924, 31). The word is mostly taken to be the noun þróttr ‘might, strength’, though it is unclear here what its gen. þróttar should be linked with. Attempts to link it with niðkvísl to yield ‘the mighty descendants’ (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B), or to make it an adverbial gen. belonging to þróask ‘to thrive’, hence ‘to thrive powerfully’ (Yng 1912; LP: þróttr), run contrary to the stylistic rule of Yt that lines of stanzas are unitary. Therefore the phrase Þrós þróttar ‘of the Þrór of strength’ seems the most likely interpretation.

þurs ‘’

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þurs (noun m.; °þurs, dat. þursi/þurs; þursar): giant, ogre, monster

Þrós ‘of the Þrór’

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þrór (noun m.): thriver, Þrór

[3] Þrós: þurs F, 761aˣ

notes

[3] Þrós þróttar ‘of the Þrór <god> of strength’: Almost all interpreters view Þrór as a pers. n., and the poetic evidence clearly indicates a name for Óðinn: cf. Grí 49/6, Þul Óðins 8/4^III and the kennings in LP: Þrór 1. For Yt this raises the difficulty that niðkvísl Þrós ‘the descendants of Þrór’ (lit. ‘the descent-branch of Þrór’) would be an assertion that the Norwegian Ynglingar descended from Óðinn (Skj B; Norr 1998, 86-9), contrary to assertions of descent from Freyr (afspring Freys st. 10/11, ttungr Freys st. 16/7). Various explanations have been sought to avoid this contradiction. Most claim Þrór in this case refers either to Freyr or to an undetermined divine being, or mention both Óðinn and Freyr without venturing a solution (ÍF 26; Hkr 1991). The etymologies adduced in explanation of the name indicate the fertility god Freyr rather than Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 8/4^III; AEW: Þrór; Falk 1924, 30-1 and cf. Jungner 1919, 82-3). The most likely explanation is that the word originally meant an unidentified divine being whose name was later transferred to Óðinn (so Schück 1905-10, 39 and others). Þróttr is attested both as a noun ‘might, strength’ and as a name for Óðinn, see LP: þróttr. However, it has not often been interpreted as an Óðinn-heiti here, because this would require taking þrór to be an adj. (see Björn Magnússon Ólsen 1902, 195; Falk 1924, 31). The word is mostly taken to be the noun þróttr ‘might, strength’, though it is unclear here what its gen. þróttar should be linked with. Attempts to link it with niðkvísl to yield ‘the mighty descendants’ (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B), or to make it an adverbial gen. belonging to þróask ‘to thrive’, hence ‘to thrive powerfully’ (Yng 1912; LP: þróttr), run contrary to the stylistic rule of Yt that lines of stanzas are unitary. Therefore the phrase Þrós þróttar ‘of the Þrór of strength’ seems the most likely interpretation.

of ‘’

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4. of (particle): (before verb)

þróazk ‘flourished’

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þróa (verb): increase, flourish, grow

náði ‘’

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1. ná (verb): reach, get, manage

hafði ‘had’

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hafa (verb): have

[4] hafði: náði F, 761aˣ

Réð ‘ruled’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

Óláf ‘’

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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr

Ôleifr ‘Óláfr’

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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr

[5] Ôleifr: Óláf J1ˣ

notes

[5] Ôleifr ‘Óláfr’: On Óláfr Geirstaðaálfr ‘Elf of Geirstaðir’, see Context and Notes to ll. 1-4 and 14. The þáttr ÓGeir (Flat 1860-8, II, 6-9) mainly concerns supernatural events after his death.

yfsi ‘’

yfsa ‘’

upsa ‘’

ufsa ‘’

ofsa ‘powerfully’

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ofsi (noun m.; °-a): arrogance, violence

[6] ofsa: ‘ufsa’ 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, ‘upsa’ Flat, ‘yfse’ 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r), ‘yfsa’ 65ˣ(317r)

notes

[6] ofsa ‘powerfully’: Ofsa has been interpreted variously: (a) As a p. n. Ofsi/Upsi (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Yng 1912; Skj B; LP: 1. Upsi). This interpretation requires the reading ok ‘and’ to be selected in l. 8, since it would connect the two place names Ofsa/Upsa and Vestmarir/-marr. The Flat version is to be understood this way. However, a place called Ofsa/Upsa cannot be shown to have existed, and the reading ok creates syntactic difficulties (see Note to l. 8 of Vestmari). (b) Many authors (from Bugge 1871b, 388 to the present edn) instead view ofsa as a noun, ‘with violence, force, tyranny’, hence ‘powerfully’. (c) Because the noun ofsi normally has negative connotations, Noreen (1912a, 15) suggests linking ofsa with the adj. víðri to create a phrase meaning ‘exceedingly far’ which he compares to ofsaharðr ‘exceedingly powerful’, ofsamikill ‘exceedingly large’ and ofsaþrútuligr ‘exceedingly arrogant’. However, these examples are compounds; to read ofsavíðri as a cpd would result in a tmesis, and even to read ofsa víðri as a phrase would split the line ofsa forðum. Either way the result is stylistically untenable for Yt.

forðum ‘once’

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forðum (adv.): formerly, once

víða ‘’

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1. víða (adv.): widely

viða ‘’

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1. víða (adv.): widely

víðri ‘over a wide’

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víðr (adj.): far

[7] víðri grund: víða frægr 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, Flat, 49ˣ, 65ˣ(317r), 65ˣ(321r), viða fagr 61

frægr ‘’

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frægr (adj.; °-jan/-an; compar. -ri, superl. -jastr/-astr/-str): famous, renowned

fagr ‘’

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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful

grund ‘area’

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grund (noun f.): earth, land

[7] víðri grund: víða frægr 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, Flat, 49ˣ, 65ˣ(317r), 65ˣ(321r), viða fagr 61

ok ‘’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

of ‘across’

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3. of (prep.): around, from; too

[8] of: ok F, 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, 61, Flat, 49ˣ, 65ˣ(317r), 65ˣ(321r)

notes

[8] of Vestmari (acc. pl.) ‘across Vestmarir’: Vestmari could in itself be either dat. sg. (nom. sg. Vestmarr) or acc. pl. (nom. pl. Vestmarir). All Hkr mss except for F have of, while the later mss of Flat, ÓH and ÓGeir have ok linking Upsa and Vestmari as the dat. sg. objects of réð ‘ruled’, hence the places ruled by Óláfr (cf. Note to l. 6). But in light of the dat. pl. Vestmǫrum in the Yng prose (ÍF 26, 78) the p. n. appears to be a pl. form (Bugge 1894, 167; LP: Vestmarr differs). In that case Vestmari could only be the acc. pl. of an i-stem (nom. pl. ‑marir, see Åkerlund 1939, 119), and as such it cannot be an object of the verb form réð. Ráða of ‘rule over’ is not attested, for which reason Åkerlund (1939, 120), followed in this edn, suggests of must be interpreted here as ‘across’, hence víðri grund of Vestmari ‘a wide area (that stretches) across Vestmarir’. That the shift from of to ok is more easily imagined than the opposite change also supports this reading. Opinion varies on the location and size of Vestmarir (Hjärne 1947, 22-5), and did so even in the Middle Ages (Storm 1899, 118; Hjärne 1947, 41-8). Yng (ÍF 26, 82) relates that Óláfr possessed the western part of Vestfold, to which Vestmarir could be a reference. Storm (1899, 118) compares the name to Grenmarr (Langesundfjorden) and deduces that Vestmarir should be understood as ‘the western coastal lands’. Although the use of marr ‘sea’ as the base-word for a regional name may seem unusual, Bugge (1894, 168) refers to the Norwegian practice of using fjord names to designate regions (e.g. Firðir). Others have interpreted Vestmarr as the Atlantic Ocean (Wadstein 1895a, 80; Wadstein 1896, 34; Hjärne 1947, 48). Wadstein (1896) concludes from this that Óláfr was identical to the viking king Óláfr hvíti ‘the White’, the great viking king who also appears in Ari Þorgilsson’s Ættartala (Íslb, ÍF 1, 28). This thesis, previously rejected by Bugge (1894, 167), is taken up again by Jón Steffensen (1951, 42-50; 1970-3, 64).

Vest ‘Vest’

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2. vestr (adv.): west, in the west < Vestmarr (noun m.)

[8] Vestmari: Vestmari goðum glíkr, ok Grenlands fylki Flat

notes

[8] of Vestmari (acc. pl.) ‘across Vestmarir’: Vestmari could in itself be either dat. sg. (nom. sg. Vestmarr) or acc. pl. (nom. pl. Vestmarir). All Hkr mss except for F have of, while the later mss of Flat, ÓH and ÓGeir have ok linking Upsa and Vestmari as the dat. sg. objects of réð ‘ruled’, hence the places ruled by Óláfr (cf. Note to l. 6). But in light of the dat. pl. Vestmǫrum in the Yng prose (ÍF 26, 78) the p. n. appears to be a pl. form (Bugge 1894, 167; LP: Vestmarr differs). In that case Vestmari could only be the acc. pl. of an i-stem (nom. pl. ‑marir, see Åkerlund 1939, 119), and as such it cannot be an object of the verb form réð. Ráða of ‘rule over’ is not attested, for which reason Åkerlund (1939, 120), followed in this edn, suggests of must be interpreted here as ‘across’, hence víðri grund of Vestmari ‘a wide area (that stretches) across Vestmarir’. That the shift from of to ok is more easily imagined than the opposite change also supports this reading. Opinion varies on the location and size of Vestmarir (Hjärne 1947, 22-5), and did so even in the Middle Ages (Storm 1899, 118; Hjärne 1947, 41-8). Yng (ÍF 26, 82) relates that Óláfr possessed the western part of Vestfold, to which Vestmarir could be a reference. Storm (1899, 118) compares the name to Grenmarr (Langesundfjorden) and deduces that Vestmarir should be understood as ‘the western coastal lands’. Although the use of marr ‘sea’ as the base-word for a regional name may seem unusual, Bugge (1894, 168) refers to the Norwegian practice of using fjord names to designate regions (e.g. Firðir). Others have interpreted Vestmarr as the Atlantic Ocean (Wadstein 1895a, 80; Wadstein 1896, 34; Hjärne 1947, 48). Wadstein (1896) concludes from this that Óláfr was identical to the viking king Óláfr hvíti ‘the White’, the great viking king who also appears in Ari Þorgilsson’s Ættartala (Íslb, ÍF 1, 28). This thesis, previously rejected by Bugge (1894, 167), is taken up again by Jón Steffensen (1951, 42-50; 1970-3, 64).

fylki ‘’

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fylki (noun n.): county

Grenlands ‘’

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Grenland (noun n.)

glíkr ‘’

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glíkr (adj.; °-jan/-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): like, alike

goðum ‘’

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góðr (adj.): good

mari ‘marir’

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2. marr (noun m.): horse < Vestmarr (noun m.)

[8] Vestmari: Vestmari goðum glíkr, ok Grenlands fylki Flat

notes

[8] of Vestmari (acc. pl.) ‘across Vestmarir’: Vestmari could in itself be either dat. sg. (nom. sg. Vestmarr) or acc. pl. (nom. pl. Vestmarir). All Hkr mss except for F have of, while the later mss of Flat, ÓH and ÓGeir have ok linking Upsa and Vestmari as the dat. sg. objects of réð ‘ruled’, hence the places ruled by Óláfr (cf. Note to l. 6). But in light of the dat. pl. Vestmǫrum in the Yng prose (ÍF 26, 78) the p. n. appears to be a pl. form (Bugge 1894, 167; LP: Vestmarr differs). In that case Vestmari could only be the acc. pl. of an i-stem (nom. pl. ‑marir, see Åkerlund 1939, 119), and as such it cannot be an object of the verb form réð. Ráða of ‘rule over’ is not attested, for which reason Åkerlund (1939, 120), followed in this edn, suggests of must be interpreted here as ‘across’, hence víðri grund of Vestmari ‘a wide area (that stretches) across Vestmarir’. That the shift from of to ok is more easily imagined than the opposite change also supports this reading. Opinion varies on the location and size of Vestmarir (Hjärne 1947, 22-5), and did so even in the Middle Ages (Storm 1899, 118; Hjärne 1947, 41-8). Yng (ÍF 26, 82) relates that Óláfr possessed the western part of Vestfold, to which Vestmarir could be a reference. Storm (1899, 118) compares the name to Grenmarr (Langesundfjorden) and deduces that Vestmarir should be understood as ‘the western coastal lands’. Although the use of marr ‘sea’ as the base-word for a regional name may seem unusual, Bugge (1894, 168) refers to the Norwegian practice of using fjord names to designate regions (e.g. Firðir). Others have interpreted Vestmarr as the Atlantic Ocean (Wadstein 1895a, 80; Wadstein 1896, 34; Hjärne 1947, 48). Wadstein (1896) concludes from this that Óláfr was identical to the viking king Óláfr hvíti ‘the White’, the great viking king who also appears in Ari Þorgilsson’s Ættartala (Íslb, ÍF 1, 28). This thesis, previously rejected by Bugge (1894, 167), is taken up again by Jón Steffensen (1951, 42-50; 1970-3, 64).

unz ‘until’

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2. unz (conj.): until

fót ‘a foot’

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1. fótr (noun m.): foot, leg < fótverkr (noun m.)

verkr ‘disease’

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verkr (noun m.; °-jar, dat. -; -ir): pain < fótverkr (noun m.)

til ‘’

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til (prep.): to

við ‘at’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

[10] við: til 65ˣ(321r)

notes

[10] við þrǫm Foldar ‘at the edge of Fold’: Most scholars interpret Fold as Vestfold and þrǫmr as ‘shore, coast’, and so assume the king died near Oslofjorden (Storm 1899, 117; Yng 1912; Yt 1925; ÍF 26; LP: fold; Hkr 1991).

Foldar ‘of Fold’

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fold (noun f.): land

notes

[10] við þrǫm Foldar ‘at the edge of Fold’: Most scholars interpret Fold as Vestfold and þrǫmr as ‘shore, coast’, and so assume the king died near Oslofjorden (Storm 1899, 117; Yng 1912; Yt 1925; ÍF 26; LP: fold; Hkr 1991).

þromu ‘’

þrǫm ‘the edge’

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þrǫmr (noun m.; °dat. þremi; gen. þrama): rail, rim

[10] þrǫm: ‘þromu’ 65ˣ(321r)

notes

[10] við þrǫm Foldar ‘at the edge of Fold’: Most scholars interpret Fold as Vestfold and þrǫmr as ‘shore, coast’, and so assume the king died near Oslofjorden (Storm 1899, 117; Yng 1912; Yt 1925; ÍF 26; LP: fold; Hkr 1991).

vígs ‘’

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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle

vígs ‘’

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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle

við ‘’

víg ‘’

víða ‘’

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1. víða (adv.): widely

víg ‘the battle’

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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle < vígmiðlungr (noun m.)víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle < vígframr (adj.)

[11] vígmiðlung: ‘vigmiðlun’ 521ˣ, ‘vidnidiong’ F, 761aˣ, vígfrǫmustum 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, víða vin 61, vígs frǫmustum Flat, vígs 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

kennings

notes

[11] vígmiðlung ‘the battle-dealer [WARRIOR]’: The Hkr mss clearly indicate this reading, whereas the Flat, ÓH and ÓGeir mss show vígfrǫmustum ‘the toughest in battle’. The only exception is 61, which has viða vin. Finnur Jónsson chooses this reading and emends it to vin virða ‘friend of men’ because viða ‘destroy’ (l. 12) would require a dat., and he believes vígmiðlung not to be a dat. However, vígmiðlung could be an endingless dat., like sikling (cf. Note to st. 1/8 and ANG §358.3).

frǫmustum ‘’

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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost

niðjung ‘’

miðlun ‘’

vin ‘’

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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend

frǫmustum ‘’

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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost < vígframr (adj.)

miðlung ‘dealer’

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miðlungr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i): [dealer] < vígmiðlungr (noun m.)

[11] vígmiðlung: ‘vigmiðlun’ 521ˣ, ‘vidnidiong’ F, 761aˣ, vígfrǫmustum 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, víða vin 61, vígs frǫmustum Flat, vígs 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

kennings

notes

[11] vígmiðlung ‘the battle-dealer [WARRIOR]’: The Hkr mss clearly indicate this reading, whereas the Flat, ÓH and ÓGeir mss show vígfrǫmustum ‘the toughest in battle’. The only exception is 61, which has viða vin. Finnur Jónsson chooses this reading and emends it to vin virða ‘friend of men’ because viða ‘destroy’ (l. 12) would require a dat., and he believes vígmiðlung not to be a dat. However, vígmiðlung could be an endingless dat., like sikling (cf. Note to st. 1/8 and ANG §358.3).

ok ‘’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

af ‘’

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af (prep.): from

varð ‘’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

of ‘’

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4. of (particle): (before verb)

[12] of viða skyldi: af viða téði 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, of viða náði 61, varð at grandi Flat, ok viða réði 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

at ‘’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

viða ‘destroy’

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2. viða (verb): gain, bring about

[12] of viða skyldi: af viða téði 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, of viða náði 61, varð at grandi Flat, ok viða réði 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

réði ‘’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

grandi ‘’

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granda (verb): harm, injure

náði ‘’

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1. ná (verb): reach, get, manage

téði ‘’

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tjá (verb): to put in order, prepare

skyldi ‘was to’

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skulu (verb): shall, should, must

[12] of viða skyldi: af viða téði 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, of viða náði 61, varð at grandi Flat, ok viða réði 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

Nú ‘now’

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nú (adv.): now

notes

[13] nú ‘now’: Many eds (Hkr 1893-1901, I; Skj B; Yng 1912; Skald; Åkerlund 1939, 123) have eliminated nú ‘now’ because it contravenes regular kviðuháttr metre (three syllables in odd lines). But Noreen (Yt 1925) notes that all mss show nú and that according to Sievers (1893, 65), two-syllable initial dips are possible in rising line Types B and C.

liggr ‘lies’

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liggja (verb): lie

grund ‘’

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grund (noun f.): earth, land

gunn ‘The war’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunndjarfr (adj.): battle-brave

[13] gunndjarfr: grund jarls 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

jarls ‘’

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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl

djarfr ‘daring’

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djarfr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bold < gunndjarfr (adj.): battle-brave

[13] gunndjarfr: grund jarls 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

fyrir ‘’

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fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of

á ‘in’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

[14] á: fyrir 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

notes

[14] á Geirstǫðum ‘in Geirstaðir’: Geirstaðir is most likely modern Gjekstad (Rygh et al. 1897-1936, VI, 273), close to Gokstad, where a ship burial was found in a large mound. A man aged between forty and fifty was buried there, who may have limped because of an injury to his left knee (Holck 2009). Brøgger (1916, 54) identified him as Óláfr Geirstaðaálfr. However, he seems to have died from diverse wounds inflicted upon him in battle (Holck 2009) and not from the fótverkr ‘foot-disease’ mentioned in this stanza. In addition, dendrochronological evidence from the Gokstad mound dates it to c. 900 (Myhre 1992c, 276; Capelle 1998, 301). Both facts tell against Óláfr or Rǫgnvaldr heiðumhár having been buried there.

Geirstǫðum ‘Geirstaðir’

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Geirstaðir (noun m.): Geirstaðir

notes

[14] á Geirstǫðum ‘in Geirstaðir’: Geirstaðir is most likely modern Gjekstad (Rygh et al. 1897-1936, VI, 273), close to Gokstad, where a ship burial was found in a large mound. A man aged between forty and fifty was buried there, who may have limped because of an injury to his left knee (Holck 2009). Brøgger (1916, 54) identified him as Óláfr Geirstaðaálfr. However, he seems to have died from diverse wounds inflicted upon him in battle (Holck 2009) and not from the fótverkr ‘foot-disease’ mentioned in this stanza. In addition, dendrochronological evidence from the Gokstad mound dates it to c. 900 (Myhre 1992c, 276; Capelle 1998, 301). Both facts tell against Óláfr or Rǫgnvaldr heiðumhár having been buried there.

hann ‘’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

her ‘of the host’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herkonungr (noun m.)

[15] herkonungr: ‘herkonungr ha’ J2ˣ, herkonungr sjá Flat, hann er konungr 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

sjá ‘’

(not checked:)
1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this

há ‘’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

konungr ‘’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

konungr ‘king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < herkonungr (noun m.)

[15] herkonungr: ‘herkonungr ha’ J2ˣ, herkonungr sjá Flat, hann er konungr 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

haugi ‘by a mound’

(not checked:)
haugr (noun m.; °-s, -i; -ar): mound, cairn

notes

[18] ausinn haugi ‘surrounded by a mound’: With their orpinn ‘covered’ (see Fritzner: verpa 3), the Flat mss and those of ÓH and ÓGeir demonstrate once again a different textual tradition.

orpinn ‘’

(not checked:)
1. verpa (verb): to throw, cast (up)

ausinn ‘surrounded’

(not checked:)
2. ausa (verb; °eyss; jós, jósu/jusu; ausinn): sprinkle, bail

[16] ausinn: orpinn 71ˣ, 73aˣ, 76aˣ, 78aˣ, 61, Flat, 49ˣ, 65ˣ(321r)

notes

[18] ausinn haugi ‘surrounded by a mound’: With their orpinn ‘covered’ (see Fritzner: verpa 3), the Flat mss and those of ÓH and ÓGeir demonstrate once again a different textual tradition.