Þjóð Yt 24I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Þjóðólfr ór Hvini, Ynglingatal 24’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 52.
Ok ‘And’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
notes
[1] til þings ‘to a meeting’: Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Yng 1912; Yt 1925) assumes the meeting is of an erotic nature (cf. Sundqvist 2005a, 111; Bergsveinn Birgisson 2008, 349). Though this is difficult to prove, it gains credibility because Yt 7/4 refers to Hel taking pleasure in a deceased prince (see Note).
þings ‘a meeting’
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
notes
[1] til þings ‘to a meeting’: Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Yng 1912; Yt 1925) assumes the meeting is of an erotic nature (cf. Sundqvist 2005a, 111; Bergsveinn Birgisson 2008, 349). Though this is difficult to prove, it gains credibility because Yt 7/4 refers to Hel taking pleasure in a deceased prince (see Note).
þriðja ‘a third’
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þriði (num. ordinal): third
notes
[2] þriðja jǫfri ‘a third ruler’: Þriðja ‘third’ could imply the third in an uninterrupted line of rulers received by Hel (Hkr 1893-1901, IV); or the third in a line of rulers who died of illness (ÍF 26); or the third of the Norwegian Ynglingar (Yng 1912; Yt 1925). The last interpretation seems most likely.
jofi ‘’
notes
[2] þriðja jǫfri ‘a third ruler’: Þriðja ‘third’ could imply the third in an uninterrupted line of rulers received by Hel (Hkr 1893-1901, IV); or the third in a line of rulers who died of illness (ÍF 26); or the third of the Norwegian Ynglingar (Yng 1912; Yt 1925). The last interpretation seems most likely.
Hveðrungs ‘of Hveðrungr’
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Hveðrungr (noun m.): Hveðrungr
kennings
mær Hveðrungs‘the maiden of Hveðrungr ’
= Hel
the maiden of Hveðrungr → Hel
notes
[3] mær Hveðrungs ‘the maiden of Hveðrungr <= Loki> [= Hel]’: Since Hel is among Loki’s offspring (see Note to st. 7/5-6), the kenning mær Hveðrungs ‘the maiden of Hveðrungr [= Hel]’ indicates that Hveðrungr must be a designation for Loki, cf. also Vsp 55/5 (NK 13) mǫgr Hveðrungs ‘kinsman of Hveðrungr [= Fenrir]’. Hveðrungr has been interpreted as ‘the stone-dweller’ (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Yt 1925) or ‘the roarer’ (Falk 1924, 19; AEW: hveðra).
mær ‘the maiden’
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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
kennings
mær Hveðrungs‘the maiden of Hveðrungr ’
= Hel
the maiden of Hveðrungr → Hel
notes
[3] mær Hveðrungs ‘the maiden of Hveðrungr <= Loki> [= Hel]’: Since Hel is among Loki’s offspring (see Note to st. 7/5-6), the kenning mær Hveðrungs ‘the maiden of Hveðrungr [= Hel]’ indicates that Hveðrungr must be a designation for Loki, cf. also Vsp 55/5 (NK 13) mǫgr Hveðrungs ‘kinsman of Hveðrungr [= Fenrir]’. Hveðrungr has been interpreted as ‘the stone-dweller’ (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Yt 1925) or ‘the roarer’ (Falk 1924, 19; AEW: hveðra).
ór ‘out’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
heimi ‘of the world’
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
bauð ‘invited’
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bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite
þás ‘when’
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þás (conj.): when
Halfdan ‘’
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Halfdan (noun m.): Hálfdan
danr ‘dan’
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Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane < Halfdan (noun m.): Hálfdan
[5] Halfdanr: Halfdan all
hokum ‘’
Holti ‘’
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holt (noun n.; °-s; -): [forest, woods]
í ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
Holti ‘’
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holt (noun n.; °-s; -): [forest, woods]
sás ‘who’
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sás (conj.): the one who
Holtum ‘in Holtan’
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Holtar (noun ?): [in Holtan]
[6] Holtum: so J2ˣ, R685ˣ, á Holti Kˣ, papp18ˣ, 521ˣ, 761aˣ, í Holti F, ‘hokum’ J1ˣ
notes
[6] Holtum ‘in Holtan’: The reading of J2ˣ and R685ˣ (Holtum) is to be preferred over those of Kˣ (á Holti) and F (í Holti) for metrical reasons, and is adopted in all eds except Skald and Hkr 1991, which prefer Kˣ. Here the dat. is used as a locative (Konráð Gíslason 1881, 243; Yt 1925). It has usually been assumed that Holtar refers to Holtan in Borre, which lies 2-3 kilometres north of the Borre burial field. This is most likely, because according to the stanza, Hálfdan was buried in Borre (cf. Skre 2007c, 463-4). Other possibilities are Holtan in Sandefjord, not far from Huseby and Gokstad, or Holtan in Larvik (Myhre 1992b, 39).
norna ‘of the norns’
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norn (noun f.; °; -ir): norn
notes
[7-8] hafði of notit dóms norna ‘had used up the allotment of the norns’: The expression is equivalent to njóta aldrs ‘to enjoy a lifetime, live out one’s span of life’ (LP: njóta 1). For the notion that the norns determine the length of a human’s life cf. Hamð 30, HHund I 2/2-4, Kommentar IV, 172-4 and Notes to Yt 17/2-3, TorfE Lv 4/2.
dóms ‘the allotment’
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dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix)
notes
[7-8] hafði of notit dóms norna ‘had used up the allotment of the norns’: The expression is equivalent to njóta aldrs ‘to enjoy a lifetime, live out one’s span of life’ (LP: njóta 1). For the notion that the norns determine the length of a human’s life cf. Hamð 30, HHund I 2/2-4, Kommentar IV, 172-4 and Notes to Yt 17/2-3, TorfE Lv 4/2.
of ‘’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
notes
[7-8] hafði of notit dóms norna ‘had used up the allotment of the norns’: The expression is equivalent to njóta aldrs ‘to enjoy a lifetime, live out one’s span of life’ (LP: njóta 1). For the notion that the norns determine the length of a human’s life cf. Hamð 30, HHund I 2/2-4, Kommentar IV, 172-4 and Notes to Yt 17/2-3, TorfE Lv 4/2.
notit ‘used up’
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njóta (verb): enjoy, use
notes
[7-8] hafði of notit dóms norna ‘had used up the allotment of the norns’: The expression is equivalent to njóta aldrs ‘to enjoy a lifetime, live out one’s span of life’ (LP: njóta 1). For the notion that the norns determine the length of a human’s life cf. Hamð 30, HHund I 2/2-4, Kommentar IV, 172-4 and Notes to Yt 17/2-3, TorfE Lv 4/2.
hafði ‘had’
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hafa (verb): have
notes
[7-8] hafði of notit dóms norna ‘had used up the allotment of the norns’: The expression is equivalent to njóta aldrs ‘to enjoy a lifetime, live out one’s span of life’ (LP: njóta 1). For the notion that the norns determine the length of a human’s life cf. Hamð 30, HHund I 2/2-4, Kommentar IV, 172-4 and Notes to Yt 17/2-3, TorfE Lv 4/2.
buðlungs ‘’
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buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince
Ok ‘And’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
borrur ‘’
boru ‘’
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[10] á Borrói ‘in Borre’: Borre, in Horten, Vestfold, is situated on Oslofjorden and is the site of the largest known collection of monumental burial mounds in Scandinavia. There are seven large earthen burial mounds, one large cairn and around thirty small cairns, dating to between 600 and the beginning of C10th. One of the large burial mounds, destroyed in 1852, contained a richly endowed ship burial from around the year 900 comparable with those of Gokstad and Oseberg (Myhre 1992a, 18‑23).
notes
[10] á Borrói ‘in Borre’: Borre, in Horten, Vestfold, is situated on Oslofjorden and is the site of the largest known collection of monumental burial mounds in Scandinavia. There are seven large earthen burial mounds, one large cairn and around thirty small cairns, dating to between 600 and the beginning of C10th. One of the large burial mounds, destroyed in 1852, contained a richly endowed ship burial from around the year 900 comparable with those of Gokstad and Oseberg (Myhre 1992a, 18‑23).
hafendi ‘’
sigr ‘the victorious’
hafendr ‘ones’
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hafa (verb): have < sigrhafandi (noun m.)
[11] ‑hafendr: ‑hafendi papp18ˣ
sálu ‘’
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1. sála (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [souls, soul]
síðan ‘afterwards’
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síðan (adv.): later, then
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Hálfdan, son of Eysteinn, bore the nicknames inn mildi ‘the Generous’ and inn matarilli ‘the Food-stingy’ because, while he rewarded his men richly with gold coins, he was mean with food. His primary seat was Holtar in Vestfold, where, after a life as a great warrior, he died of illness. He is buried in Borró (Borre).
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