Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 9

R. D. Fulk

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þhorn Harkv 9^I

R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 103.

Þorbjǫrn hornklofi Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál)

8 9 10

Freistuðu ‘They tested’

(not checked:)
freista (verb): attempt, tempt

ins ‘the’

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2. inn (art.): the

kennings

ins framráða allvalds austmanna,
‘the forward-striving mighty ruler of the Norwegians, ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
the forward-striving mighty ruler of the Norwegians, → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr

fram ‘forward’

(not checked:)
framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost < framráðr (adj.): ambitious

kennings

at ‘’

(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that

ráða ‘striving’

(not checked:)
-ráðr (adj.): -ful < framráðr (adj.): ambitious

kennings

es ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[2] es (‘er’): at FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ

[2] flýja: fylgja F

kenndi ‘taught’

(not checked:)
kenna (verb): know, teach

vast ‘’

valdr ‘’

(not checked:)
valdr (adj.): power < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler

all ‘mighty’

(not checked:)
all- ((prefix)): very < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty rulerall- ((prefix)): very < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty rulerall- ((prefix)): very

kennings

valds ‘ruler’

(not checked:)
valdr (noun m.): ruler < allvaldr (noun m.): mighty ruler

[3] ‑valds: so F, 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, ‑valdr Kˣ, Flat, ‘‑vast’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

kennings

byrr ‘’

(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind

austmanna ‘of the Norwegians’

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austmaðr (noun m.; °·manns, dat. ·manni; ·menn): easterner

kennings

notes

[3] austmanna ‘of the Norwegians’: Lit. ‘of East-men’. The context here points to Norwegians, but the term has somewhat fluctuating usage (see Fritzner: austmaðr; Notes to Þhorn Lv 1/8, Þfagr Sveinn 8/2^II). Þjóðólfr ór Hvini uses austrkonungr to refer to the king of Sweden (Þjóð Yt 13/19), and austmǫrk refers to Swedish land in Yt 14/9 (if this reading from J2ˣ is correct); this has been used as an argument against his authorship of Harkv (Sueti 1884, 17).

á ‘’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

es ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

býr ‘resides’

(not checked:)
2. búa (verb; °býr (1. pers. býg NjM 330²⁴); bjó/bjuggi/bjǫggi/byggi, bjuggu/bjǫggu (præt. conj. byggi); búinn (n. sg. búit/bút)): prepare, ready, live

[4] býr: byrr J1ˣ, J2ˣ

stóðu ‘’

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standa (verb): stand

stǫðum ‘’

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1. staðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s; -ir): place

at ‘at’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[4] at: á 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ

nǫkkvar ‘’

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2. Nǫkkvi (noun m.): Nǫkkvi

Útsteini ‘Utstein’

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Útsteinn (noun m.): Utsteinen, Utstein

notes

[4] Útsteini ‘Utstein’: A place north of Stavanger, Rogaland, where Haraldr gained an estate after the battle (cf. ÍF 26, 143). Hence, Haraldr rules in both the east and the west in Norway (Koht 1955, 22) and the references to Utstein here and to Kvinnar in st. 5/2 point to the peripatetic nature of early kingship. On Útsteinn, see further Note to Sigv Erlfl 5/7.

steindir ‘’

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steina (verb): to stain, colour, paint

Stóðum ‘the stud-horses’

(not checked:)
2. stóð (noun n.; °-s): stud-horse

[5] Stóðum: so 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, stǫðum Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, stóðu Flat

kennings

stóðum Nǫkkva,
‘the stud-horses of Nǫkkvi ’
= SHIPS
the stud-horses of Nǫkkvi → SHIPS

notes

[5] stóðum ‘stud-horses’: I.e. groups of stallion and mares. The mss of Hkr read stǫðum (dat. pl.) ‘places’, which is adopted in most eds, and already in Munch and Unger (1847, 112). Hkr 1991 then tentatively interprets brá stǫðum nǫkkva to mean ‘changed the position of the ships’; cf. Nygaard (1875, 316), ‘launched the ship from the land’. Yet Jón Helgason (1968, 17) remarks that o in the inflectional syllable of ‘stoðom’ (and similar) in the transcripts of Fsk indicates that the root vowel intended in that text is ó not ǫ. Certainly, in any case, the root vowel in the transcripts of Fsk is consistently spelt <o>, in contrast with the Hkr forms.

Nǫkkva ‘of Nǫkkvi’

(not checked:)
2. Nǫkkvi (noun m.): Nǫkkvi

[5] Nǫkkva brá: nǫkkvar steindir er Flat

kennings

stóðum Nǫkkva,
‘the stud-horses of Nǫkkvi ’
= SHIPS
the stud-horses of Nǫkkvi → SHIPS

átti ‘’

(not checked:)
2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have

brá ‘set in motion’

(not checked:)
bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change

[5] Nǫkkva brá: nǫkkvar steindir er Flat

enn ‘’

(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

stillir ‘The ruler’

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stillir (noun m.): ruler

notes

[5] stillir ‘the ruler’: Fsk 1902-3 and Skj B omit, presumably on metrical grounds.

vôru ‘’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

es ‘when’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[6] es honum: átti enn Flat

honum ‘he’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

[6] es honum: átti enn Flat

væns ‘’

(not checked:)
vænn (adj.): beautiful, expected

vænni ‘’

(not checked:)
vænn (adj.): beautiful, expected

nenni ‘’

(not checked:)
nenna (verb): strive, be inclined

vas ‘’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[6] vas (‘var’): vôru FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, om. Flat

glǫmmun ‘’

hlaumon ‘’

styrjar ‘combat’

(not checked:)
styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle

væni ‘expected’

(not checked:)
vænn (adj.): beautiful, expected

[6] væni: vænni J1ˣ, J2ˣ, væns FskBˣ, nenni Flat

hlǫmmun ‘thundering’

(not checked:)
hlamman (noun f.): [thundering]

[7] hlǫmmun: ‘glommon’ 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, ‘hlaumon’ FskAˣ

hlífðum ‘’

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hlífð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): shield

lofðum ‘’

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lofði (noun m.; °; -ar): man

vas ‘there was’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

en ‘’

(not checked:)
4. en (conj.): than

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

hlífum ‘shields’

(not checked:)
hlíf (noun f.; °-ar; -ar): shield, defence

[7] hlífum: hlífðum 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, lofðum 301ˣ

áðr ‘before’

(not checked:)
áðr (adv.; °//): before

[8] áðr: áðr en 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ

Haklangr ‘Haklangr’

(not checked:)
haklangr (noun m.): haklangr

notes

[8] Haklangr: According to Hkr (ÍF 26, 114), his full name was Þórir haklangr and he was the son of Kjǫtvi (cf. st. 7/4 and Note) and a great berserk. The epithet probably means ‘having a long chin’, though Lind (1920-1, 130-1) takes it to mean ‘tall man with hare-lip or cleft palate’. He may be the same Haklangr mentioned on a C10th rune stone from Lolland (von See 1961b, 110). Storm (1880) would instead identify him with Óláfr, son of Guðrøðr Rǫgnvaldsson, king of Dublin according to Irish sources.

felli ‘fell’

(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

As for st. 7.

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Þhorn Harkv 9I

Freistuðu ‘They tested’

ins ‘the’

kennings

fram ‘forward’

kennings

at ‘’

ráða ‘striving’

kennings

es ‘who’

fylgja ‘’

þeim ‘them’

flýja ‘to flee’

kenndi ‘taught’

vast ‘’

valdr ‘’

all ‘mighty’

kennings

valds ‘ruler’

kennings

byrr ‘’

austmanna ‘of the Norwegians’

kennings

notes

á ‘’

es ‘who’

býr ‘resides’

stóðu ‘’

stǫðum ‘’

at ‘at’

nǫkkvar ‘’

Útsteini ‘Utstein’

notes

steindir ‘’

Stóðum ‘the stud-horses’

kennings

notes

Nǫkkva ‘of Nǫkkvi’

kennings

átti ‘’

brá ‘set in motion’

enn ‘’

stillir ‘The ruler’

notes

vôru ‘’

es ‘when’

honum ‘he’

væns ‘’

vænni ‘’

nenni ‘’

vas ‘’

glǫmmun ‘’

hlaumon ‘’

styrjar ‘combat’

væni ‘expected’

hlǫmmun ‘thundering’

hlífðum ‘’

lofðum ‘’

vas ‘there was’

en ‘’

á ‘on’

hlífum ‘shields’

áðr ‘before’

Haklangr ‘Haklangr’

notes

felli ‘fell’

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Þhorn Harkv 9^I