Þhorn Harkv 7I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 7’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 100.
Heyrði ‘’
(not checked:)
2. heyra (verb): hear
Heyrðu ‘’
(not checked:)
2. heyra (verb): hear
Heyrðir ‘heard’
(not checked:)
2. heyra (verb): hear
[1] Heyrðir þú: Heyrðu 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, Heyrði Flat
notes
[1] heyrðir þú ‘have you heard?’: (a) The person addressed is presumed to be the valkyrie, and the direct address here supports the assumption that this and the next four stanzas are indeed part of this poem. The utterance could alternatively be a statement rather than a question (so, e.g., Sueti 1884, 33). In both Hkr and Fsk these five stanzas concerning the battle follow not long after other stanzas from the poem, with some intervening material. (b) It is easier to treat the Flat and Fsk readings as corruptions of the Hkr reading than to treat either as original: Flat has Heyrði ‘(One) heard’ (so Fsk 1902-3 and Skj B) and Fsk has Heyrðu ‘They (impersonal) have heard’, or possibly ‘Listen’ (so Kershaw 1922, 90; Lindquist 1929, 4).
þú ‘you’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[1] Heyrðir þú: Heyrðu 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, Heyrði Flat
notes
[1] heyrðir þú ‘have you heard?’: (a) The person addressed is presumed to be the valkyrie, and the direct address here supports the assumption that this and the next four stanzas are indeed part of this poem. The utterance could alternatively be a statement rather than a question (so, e.g., Sueti 1884, 33). In both Hkr and Fsk these five stanzas concerning the battle follow not long after other stanzas from the poem, with some intervening material. (b) It is easier to treat the Flat and Fsk readings as corruptions of the Hkr reading than to treat either as original: Flat has Heyrði ‘(One) heard’ (so Fsk 1902-3 and Skj B) and Fsk has Heyrðu ‘They (impersonal) have heard’, or possibly ‘Listen’ (so Kershaw 1922, 90; Lindquist 1929, 4).
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
Hafrs ‘Hafrs’
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hafr (noun m.; °hafrs/-s(SnEU 56¹⁹), dat. hafri; hafrar): goat < Hafrsfjǫrðr (noun m.): [Hafrsfjorden]
notes
[1] Hafrsfirði ‘Hafrsfjorden’: A few kilometres to the west of Stavanger, this is the site of Haraldr’s great battle; see Notes to [All] and l. 4.
firði ‘fjorden’
(not checked:)
fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < Hafrsfjǫrðr (noun m.): [Hafrsfjorden]
notes
[1] Hafrsfirði ‘Hafrsfjorden’: A few kilometres to the west of Stavanger, this is the site of Haraldr’s great battle; see Notes to [All] and l. 4.
hraustliga ‘’
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hraustliga (adv.)
hiz ‘’
hvé ‘how’
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hvé (conj.): how
barðisk ‘fought’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
konungr ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
kynstórr ‘’
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kynstórr (adj.): high-born
kostsami ‘’
kyn ‘high’
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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin < kynstórr (adj.): high-born
[3] kynstóri: kostsami J1ˣ, J2ˣ, kynstórr 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
kjǫtvan ‘’
Kjǫtvann ‘’
stóri ‘born’
(not checked:)
stórr (adj.): large, great < kynstórr (adj.): high-born
[3] kynstóri: kostsami J1ˣ, J2ˣ, kynstórr 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
æðlagða ‘’
augða ‘’
Kjǫtva ‘Kjǫtvi’
(not checked:)
kjǫtvi (noun m.): kjǫtvi
[4] Kjǫtva inn: ‘Kiotvan’ 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, Kjǫtvann 301ˣ
notes
[4] Kjǫtva ‘Kjǫtvi’: Probably a nickname meaning ‘Fleshy’. According to Hkr, he was king of Agðir (Agder); in Vatnsdœla saga (ÍF 8, 23-4) he is called Ásbjǫrn kjǫtvi, though nowhere else. According to Snorri (ÍF 26, 114), Haraldr faced a formidable confederation of kings of the south-west, from Hordaland, Rogaland, Agder and Telemark. However, Harkv names only Kjǫtvi and his son Þórir haklangr (st. 9/8, also RvHbreið Hl 60/6III), and von See (1961b, 105-111), relying in part on the earlier arguments of Schreiner (1933 and 1936), argues that Haraldr faced only these two, and that he was already king not of Vestfold but of Rogaland and Hordaland.
inn ‘inn’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
[4] Kjǫtva inn: ‘Kiotvan’ 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, Kjǫtvann 301ˣ
notes
[4] Kjǫtva ‘Kjǫtvi’: Probably a nickname meaning ‘Fleshy’. According to Hkr, he was king of Agðir (Agder); in Vatnsdœla saga (ÍF 8, 23-4) he is called Ásbjǫrn kjǫtvi, though nowhere else. According to Snorri (ÍF 26, 114), Haraldr faced a formidable confederation of kings of the south-west, from Hordaland, Rogaland, Agder and Telemark. However, Harkv names only Kjǫtvi and his son Þórir haklangr (st. 9/8, also RvHbreið Hl 60/6III), and von See (1961b, 105-111), relying in part on the earlier arguments of Schreiner (1933 and 1936), argues that Haraldr faced only these two, and that he was already king not of Vestfold but of Rogaland and Hordaland.
auðlagða ‘auðlagði’
(not checked:)
auðlagðr (adj.): [auðlagði]
[4] auðlagða: augða F, ‘æðlagða’ corrected from ‘æglagða’ J1ˣ
notes
[4] Kjǫtva ‘Kjǫtvi’: Probably a nickname meaning ‘Fleshy’. According to Hkr, he was king of Agðir (Agder); in Vatnsdœla saga (ÍF 8, 23-4) he is called Ásbjǫrn kjǫtvi, though nowhere else. According to Snorri (ÍF 26, 114), Haraldr faced a formidable confederation of kings of the south-west, from Hordaland, Rogaland, Agder and Telemark. However, Harkv names only Kjǫtvi and his son Þórir haklangr (st. 9/8, also RvHbreið Hl 60/6III), and von See (1961b, 105-111), relying in part on the earlier arguments of Schreiner (1933 and 1936), argues that Haraldr faced only these two, and that he was already king not of Vestfold but of Rogaland and Hordaland.
Knerrir ‘Ships’
(not checked:)
knǫrr (noun m.; °knarrar, dat. knerri; knerrir, acc. knǫrru/knerri): (a kind of) ship
notes
[5] knerrir ‘ships’: The word has often been thought chiefly to denote merchants’ ships, but there is ample evidence that ships of this type were used in battle: see Falk (1912, 107-10), Kuhn (1951), and Jesch (2001a, 128-32).
haps ‘’
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happ (noun n.; °-s; *-): fortune, luck
kvômu ‘came’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
austan ‘from the east’
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austan (adv.): from the east
notes
[5] austan ‘from the east’: I.e. to the north and west, up the coast from the direction of Lindesnes, an important landmark in Vest-Agder.
fyldir ‘’
fylldi ‘’
(not checked:)
fylla (verb): fill
kapps ‘for battle’
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kapp (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, vigour, courage
[6] kapps: ‘haps’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ
of ‘’
(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too
ginenðum ‘’
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
notes
[7] gínǫndum hǫfðum ‘gaping figure-heads’: Prow-ornaments in the shape of dragon- or other animal-heads; see Jesch (2001a, 145-6).
hǫfðum ‘figure-heads’
(not checked:)
hǫfuð (noun n.; °-s; -): head
notes
[7] gínǫndum hǫfðum ‘gaping figure-heads’: Prow-ornaments in the shape of dragon- or other animal-heads; see Jesch (2001a, 145-6).
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
grǫfnum ‘graven’
(not checked:)
grafa (verb): to dig, earth, bury
tinglum ‘prow-boards’
(not checked:)
tingl (noun n.): prow-board
notes
[8] tinglum ‘prow-boards’: These are carved boards, or possibly engraved sheets of metal, forming part of the prow: see Eggert Ó. Brím (1895, 20-3); Shetelig and Falk (1937, 358); Jesch (2001a, 148-9).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Stanzas 7-11 are cited to describe the battle of Hafrsfjǫrðr (Hafrsfjorden), the climax of Haraldr’s quest to impose control and taxation on the whole of Norway. The enemy fleet is under two kings, Kjǫtvi and Haklangr (and others are named in Hkr and Flat). The stanzas follow the description of the preparations for the battle in Fsk and Flat, and of its outcome in Hkr.
For the battle of Hafrsfjǫrðr, see also Þjóð Har 4, and possibly Þhorn Gldr 3-5. In addition to the account in Hkr, which derives chiefly from the present poem, there is one in Egils saga (ÍF 2 , 22-7). See also ‘Ruler biographies’ in Introduction to this volume, and Note to l. 4 below. — Stanzas 7-11 are attributed to Þjóðólfr ór Hvini in Fsk and Flat but to Þorbjǫrn hornklofi in Hkr.
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