Þhorn Harkv 6I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 6’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 99.
Úti ‘out at sea’
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úti (adv.): out, outdoors, out at sea, abroad
vill ‘wants to’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
jól ‘the Yuletide’
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jól (noun n.; °; -): midwinter feast
dreka ‘’
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dreki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): dragon, dragon-ship
drekka ‘toast’
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2. drekka (verb; °drekkr; drakk, drukku; drukkinn/drykkinn): drink
[1] drekka: dreka J1ˣ
ef ‘if’
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3. ef (conj.): if
skal ‘has’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
einn ‘he alone’
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
ráða ‘his way’
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
fylkir ‘leader’
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
inn ‘The’
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2. inn (art.): the
fram ‘’
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away < framlyndr (adj.): ambitious
lyndi ‘courageous’
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lyndr (adj.; °superl. -astr): minded < framlyndr (adj.): ambitious
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
Freys ‘of Freyr’
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Freyr (noun m.): (a god)
kennings
leik Freys.‘the sport of Freyr. ’
= BATTLE
the sport of Freyr. → BATTLE
notes
[4] leik Freys ‘the sport of Freyr <god> [BATTLE]’: Snorri apparently understood the kenning to mean ‘battle’, given that he cites the stanza in evidence of Haraldr’s war-making over the winter. Since Freyr is not generally known as a god of war but rather of fertility, it has been suggested (by Ólafur Briem: see ÍF 26, 112) that this may instead refer to some fertility rite associated with Yule. Yet leikr is not otherwise known to have the meaning ‘sacrifice, offering’ that its cognate OE lāc may have. Toasts were, however, drunk to Óðinn, Njǫrðr and Freyr at Yule, as observed in Hkr (ÍF 26, 168). Hkr 1991 suggests as an alternative that ‘Freyr’s sport’ is love, but this would seem to contradict the point of the stanza, which is that Haraldr has never cared for ease and pleasure.
heygja ‘’
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heygja (verb)
hefja ‘’
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hefja (verb): lift, start
leik ‘the sport’
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1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play
kennings
leik Freys.‘the sport of Freyr. ’
= BATTLE
the sport of Freyr. → BATTLE
notes
[4] leik Freys ‘the sport of Freyr <god> [BATTLE]’: Snorri apparently understood the kenning to mean ‘battle’, given that he cites the stanza in evidence of Haraldr’s war-making over the winter. Since Freyr is not generally known as a god of war but rather of fertility, it has been suggested (by Ólafur Briem: see ÍF 26, 112) that this may instead refer to some fertility rite associated with Yule. Yet leikr is not otherwise known to have the meaning ‘sacrifice, offering’ that its cognate OE lāc may have. Toasts were, however, drunk to Óðinn, Njǫrðr and Freyr at Yule, as observed in Hkr (ÍF 26, 168). Hkr 1991 suggests as an alternative that ‘Freyr’s sport’ is love, but this would seem to contradict the point of the stanza, which is that Haraldr has never cared for ease and pleasure.
heyja ‘practise’
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2. heyja (verb): fight, wage (battle)
[4] heyja: heygja J1ˣ, heyja corrected from hefja 51ˣ, 302ˣ, hefja FskBˣ, FskAˣ
læiddz ‘’
Ungr ‘[When] young’
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ungr (adj.): young
notes
[5] ungr ‘[when] young’: Sueti (1884, 26) would delete ungr on metrical grounds; cf. Sievers (1879, 296).
leiddisk ‘he grew tired’
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2. leiða (verb; -dd): lead; (-sk) grow tired
[5] leiddisk: ‘læiddz’ J1ˣ
vísi ‘’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader < eldvísi (noun m.)
pelli ‘’
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pell (noun n.; °-s; -): velvet < eldpell (noun n.)
eld ‘by the fire’
notes
[5] eldvelli ‘cooking by the fire’: The translation (so ÍF 26; Hkr 1991) is a conjecture, as velli (presumably n. acc. sg.) is otherwise unattested (cf. vella f. ‘boiling heat’), and the resulting cpd is unusual. It is not clear whether the word refers to cooking food or warming oneself by the fire. Jón Helgason (1946, 136) suggests that the word could refer to a vessel for boiling meat, so that the passage would mean that Haraldr spurned the comfort of cooked food (cf. HHund II 7-9).
eða ‘’
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eða (conj.): or
velli ‘of cooking’
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velli (noun n.) < eldvelli (noun n.)
[5] ‑velli: vísi F, ‑pelli FskBˣ
notes
[5] eldvelli ‘cooking by the fire’: The translation (so ÍF 26; Hkr 1991) is a conjecture, as velli (presumably n. acc. sg.) is otherwise unattested (cf. vella f. ‘boiling heat’), and the resulting cpd is unusual. It is not clear whether the word refers to cooking food or warming oneself by the fire. Jón Helgason (1946, 136) suggests that the word could refer to a vessel for boiling meat, so that the passage would mean that Haraldr spurned the comfort of cooked food (cf. HHund II 7-9).
inni ‘indoors’
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2. inni (adv.): in, inside, indoors
sitja ‘sitting’
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sitja (verb): sit
varma ‘of a warm’
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varmr (adj.; °compar. -ari): warm
dyngju ‘women’s chamber’
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dyngja (noun f.; °-u): [women chamber]
eða ‘and’
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eða (conj.): or
vǫttu ‘of mittens’
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vǫttr (noun m.; °; acc. -u): [mittens]
fúla ‘’
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fúlr (adj.): foul
dúns ‘with down’
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1. dúnn (noun m.; °dat. dúni): down, feather-bed
fulla ‘filled’
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete
[8] fulla: ‘fula’ FskBˣ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Fsk, as for st. 1. In Hkr, the stanza is offered in support of an account of how Haraldr over the course of a winter regained control of Vingulmǫrk (in Viken) and harried in Ranríki (Bohuslän).
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