Þhorn Harkv 21I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 21’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 115.
Ulf ‘wolf’
(not checked:)
1. ulfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): wolf < ulfheðinn (noun m.): [wolf-skins]
heðnar ‘skins’
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1. heðinn (noun m.; °dat. heðni): fur, skin < ulfheðinn (noun m.): [wolf-skins]
heita ‘are called’
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2. heita (verb): be called, promise
[1, 2] heita þeir: þeir heita FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
þeir ‘They’
[1, 2] heita þeir: þeir heita FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
es ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
notes
[1] ulfheðnar ‘wolf-skins’: Berserks; see Note to st. 8/5.
orrostum ‘’
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
orrostu ‘combat’
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orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle
[2] orrostu: orrostum FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
blóðgar ‘bloody’
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blóðigr (adj.; °blóðgan/blóðugan (f. dat. sg. bloðre Gulᴵ 82³⁴)): bloody
randir ‘shields’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
at ‘’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
vígr ‘’
bera ‘bear’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
vigrar ‘spears’
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3. vigr (noun f.): spear
[4] vigrar: vígr FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, vígr at Flat
þá ‘’
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2. þá (adv.): then
þá ‘’
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2. þá (adv.): then
rjóða ‘they redden’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
es ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[5] es (‘er’): þá er FskAˣ, 301ˣ, þá er corrected from þar er 52ˣ
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
vígs ‘war’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
koma ‘they come’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
þeim ‘they’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
es ‘are’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
sýst ‘’
sízt ‘’
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2. síð (adv.): late
þar ‘there’
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þar (adv.): there
notes
[6] sist ‘seated’: Most eds have read (with Flat) the word as sýst, p. p. of sýsla (LP: 2. sýsla 1) or sýsa (CVC: sýsa) ‘do, work, effect, transact business’. Thus, for example, Kershaw (1922, 85) renders the line, ‘and then they act all in a body’. Yet the reading ‘sist’ found in most of the mss is presumably intended to represent the p. p. of the verb sissa ‘to seat’ (so Lindquist 1929, 6-7; Jón Helgason 1946, 140 and 1968, 20, n.), which takes a dat. object. This produces less colourful (and perhaps less apposite) meaning, but the sense and syntax are less strained (since it is usually the work done that is in the dat. after sýsla).
saman ‘together’
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saman (adv.): together
Áræðismǫnnum ‘men of courage’
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áræðismaðr (noun m.; °; ·menn): [men of courage]
einum ‘alone’
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
hygg ‘believe’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
þar ‘There’
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þar (adv.): there
felask ‘’
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2. fela (verb): hide
undir ‘to’
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undir (prep.): under
[8] undir felisk: undir felask 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, om. Flat
hœfa ‘’
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2. hœfa (verb): hit, suit, befit
felisk ‘may entrust himself’
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4. fela (verb): commend?
[8] undir felisk: undir felask 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, om. Flat
skatnar ‘’
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skati (noun m.; °-a; -nar): chieftan, prince
standa ‘’
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standa (verb): stand
skyli ‘sovereign’
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skyli (noun m.): lord
[9] skyli sá: hœfa at standa þá er skatnar Flat
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
sá ‘he’
[9] skyli sá: hœfa at standa þá er skatnar Flat
vísir ‘’
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1. vísir (noun m.): [king, ruler] < skil (noun n.): knowledge
skil ‘in understanding’
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skil (noun n.; °; -): knowledge < skilvíss (adj.)skil (noun n.; °; -): knowledge < skil (noun n.): knowledge
þeim ‘those’
[10] þeim es (‘þæim er’): om. Flat
í ‘into’
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í (prep.): in, into
skjǫld ‘a shield’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
hǫggva ‘hew’
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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Fsk, as for st. 20; Flat is very similar.
The stanza is ascribed in Flat to Auðunn illskælda. It contains the raven’s reply to the valkyrie’s previous question. — [7-10]: Here the metre changes from ljóðaháttr to málaháttr. The Flat readings could give Áræðismǫnnum einum | hygg ek þar hœfa at standa, | þá es skatnar skilvísir | í skjǫld hǫggva, presumably ‘I believe it is fitting for men of courage alone to stand there when men wise in understanding hew into a shield’ (so Möbius 1860), but they lack proper alliteration in ll. 7-8.
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