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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Þhorn Harkv 20I

R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 20’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 114.

Þorbjǫrn hornklofiHaraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál)
192021

At ‘about’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

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berserkja ‘of berserks’

(not checked:)
berserkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, gen. -ja): Berserk

notes

[1] berserkja ‘of berserks’: On berserks, see Note to st. 8/5, 7.

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reiðu ‘the equipment’

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1. reiða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): chariot, equipment

[1] reiðu: reiðu corrected from ræðu 51ˣ, 302ˣ

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vil ‘want’

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vilja (verb): want, intend

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þik ‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

[1] þik: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, om. 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ

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spyrja ‘to ask’

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spyrja (verb; spurði): ask; hear, find out

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bergir ‘taster’

(not checked:)
bergir (noun m.): [taster]

kennings

bergir hræsævar:
‘taster of the corpse-sea: ’
   = RAVEN

the corpse-sea: → BLOOD
taster of the BLOOD → RAVEN
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hræ ‘of the corpse’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsær (noun m.): [corpse-sea]

kennings

bergir hræsævar:
‘taster of the corpse-sea: ’
   = RAVEN

the corpse-sea: → BLOOD
taster of the BLOOD → RAVEN
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hræ ‘of the corpse’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræsær (noun m.): [corpse-sea]

kennings

bergir hræsævar:
‘taster of the corpse-sea: ’
   = RAVEN

the corpse-sea: → BLOOD
taster of the BLOOD → RAVEN
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sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hræsær (noun m.): [corpse-sea]

kennings

bergir hræsævar:
‘taster of the corpse-sea: ’
   = RAVEN

the corpse-sea: → BLOOD
taster of the BLOOD → RAVEN
Close

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hræsær (noun m.): [corpse-sea]

kennings

bergir hræsævar:
‘taster of the corpse-sea: ’
   = RAVEN

the corpse-sea: → BLOOD
taster of the BLOOD → RAVEN
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hversu ‘what provision’

(not checked:)
hversu (adv.): how, however

notes

[3] hversu es fengit ‘what provision is made’: Lit. ‘how is provided’. The underlying form seems to be ‘er’, which could be read as normalised es ‘is’ or the pl. pron. ér ‘you’. The FskB transcripts have þér ‘you’, the younger form of the pron., and Möbius (1860) favours the pron. (ér), as do Munch and Unger (1847, 113) and Sueti (1884, 30), who also emend fengit (fenguð ‘you got’ in the FskB transcripts) to fagnið, giving hversu þér fagnið ‘how you welcome’.

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es ‘is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[3] es (‘er’): so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, þér 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ

notes

[3] hversu es fengit ‘what provision is made’: Lit. ‘how is provided’. The underlying form seems to be ‘er’, which could be read as normalised es ‘is’ or the pl. pron. ér ‘you’. The FskB transcripts have þér ‘you’, the younger form of the pron., and Möbius (1860) favours the pron. (ér), as do Munch and Unger (1847, 113) and Sueti (1884, 30), who also emend fengit (fenguð ‘you got’ in the FskB transcripts) to fagnið, giving hversu þér fagnið ‘how you welcome’.

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fengit ‘made’

(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

[3] fengit: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, fenguð 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ

notes

[3] hversu es fengit ‘what provision is made’: Lit. ‘how is provided’. The underlying form seems to be ‘er’, which could be read as normalised es ‘is’ or the pl. pron. ér ‘you’. The FskB transcripts have þér ‘you’, the younger form of the pron., and Möbius (1860) favours the pron. (ér), as do Munch and Unger (1847, 113) and Sueti (1884, 30), who also emend fengit (fenguð ‘you got’ in the FskB transcripts) to fagnið, giving hversu þér fagnið ‘how you welcome’.

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es ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

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í ‘into’

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í (prep.): in, into

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folk ‘battle’

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folk (noun n.): people

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vaða ‘surge’

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vað (noun n.; °-s; *-): [ford, surge]

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þjǫrfum ‘’

(not checked:)
þjarfr (adj.) < vígþjarfr (adj.)

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djǫrfum ‘daring’

(not checked:)
djarfr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bold < vígdjarfr (adj.): battle-bold

[5] ‑djǫrfum: so 52ˣ, 301ˣ, ‑þjǫrfum 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, ‘‑ðiorvum’ FskAˣ

notes

[5] -djǫrfum ‘daring’: Skald adopts the reading ‑þjǫrfum ‘insipid, flat’ of the majority of the transcripts. The word does not otherwise appear in skaldic verse, while vígdjarfr is quite common (see LP: vígdjarfr).

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verum ‘men’

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1. verr (noun m.; °[-s; -ar/ir]): man

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

In Fsk, this and the following stanza support the remark that Haraldr had such devoted adherents that they fought in the vanguard wearing wolf-skins for armour.

That the valkyrie is speaking here is clear from the address to the raven in l. 2. — [3-5]: Here the metre changes from málaháttr to ljóðaháttr.

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