Þhorn Harkv 1I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 94.
Hlýði ‘listen’
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hljóða (verb): listen, sound
hring ‘sword’
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringberandi (noun m.): [sword-bearers]
kennings
Hringberendr‘Let sword-bearers ’
= WARRIORS
Let sword-bearers → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hringberendr ‘sword-bearers [WARRIORS]’: Hringr refers to a ring on a sword-hilt, and hence by pars pro toto is used as sword-heiti, and this is assumed here (so Skj B, and see LP: 2. hringr, Tveiten 1966, 18, and Note to Þul Sverða 7/7III). If on the other hand hring- is literal, i.e. ‘ring’, the meaning is ‘nobles’ (see ÍF 29, 59 n.).
berendr ‘bearers’
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1. -berandi (noun m.): [bearers] < hringberandi (noun m.): [sword-bearers]
kennings
Hringberendr‘Let sword-bearers ’
= WARRIORS
Let sword-bearers → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hringberendr ‘sword-bearers [WARRIORS]’: Hringr refers to a ring on a sword-hilt, and hence by pars pro toto is used as sword-heiti, and this is assumed here (so Skj B, and see LP: 2. hringr, Tveiten 1966, 18, and Note to Þul Sverða 7/7III). If on the other hand hring- is literal, i.e. ‘ring’, the meaning is ‘nobles’ (see ÍF 29, 59 n.).
meðan ‘while’
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meðan (conj.): while
frá ‘concerning’
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frá (prep.): from
ek ‘’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
Haraldi ‘Haraldr’
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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr
oddi ‘’
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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
íþróttar ‘’
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íþrótt (noun f.): skill, accomplishment
odda ‘of weapon-points’
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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
[3] odda: oddi FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ
íþróttir ‘feats’
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íþrótt (noun f.): skill, accomplishment
[3] íþróttir: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, íþróttar 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
hárfagra ‘’
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hárfagr (adj.): fine-haired
inum ‘the’
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2. inn (art.): the
afarauðga ‘exceedingly wealthy’
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afarauðigr (adj.): exceedingly wealthy
[4] afarauðga: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, hárfagra 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
notes
[4] afarauðga ‘exceedingly wealthy’: The use of this epithet is appropriate to the context of addressing courtiers, for whom a ruler’s wealth (and thus his munificence) is of the first importance. The variant hárfagra ‘Fair-hair’ does not supply the necessary (vocalic) alliteration. It may be influenced by the fact that it appears in early poetry (Þjóð Har 5/7 and Jór Send 2/4) and became the conventional nickname of Haraldr; see ‘Ruler biographies’ in Introduction to this volume.
Frá ‘’
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frá (prep.): from
môlum ‘the words’
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
mun ‘shall’
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munu (verb): will, must
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
segja ‘recount’
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segja (verb): say, tell
þeim ‘that’
notes
[6] þeim es ek heyrða ... mey ‘that I heard a ... girl’: This is elliptical, lacking an inf. of a verb of saying. (a) In the translation given here, segja (frá) of l. 5 is assumed to be supplied again in the next line, hence ‘recount … [utter]’ (so Ulset 1975, 27). (b) Skj B interprets the construction as ‘the words that I heard from a girl’, to which Kock (NN §1815) objects on the ground that mey cannot mean ‘from a girl’. (c) Kock assumes a mixed construction, in which dœma môlum ‘speak (in) words’ is conflated with ek heyrða mey, es dœmði ‘I heard a girl who spoke’, equivalent to ek heyrða, at mær dœmði ‘I heard that a girl spoke’. Note that es ‘when’ in l. 8 may instead mean ‘who’, while Kershaw (1922, 83) interprets it as ‘as, when’.
es ‘’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
notes
[6] þeim es ek heyrða ... mey ‘that I heard a ... girl’: This is elliptical, lacking an inf. of a verb of saying. (a) In the translation given here, segja (frá) of l. 5 is assumed to be supplied again in the next line, hence ‘recount … [utter]’ (so Ulset 1975, 27). (b) Skj B interprets the construction as ‘the words that I heard from a girl’, to which Kock (NN §1815) objects on the ground that mey cannot mean ‘from a girl’. (c) Kock assumes a mixed construction, in which dœma môlum ‘speak (in) words’ is conflated with ek heyrða mey, es dœmði ‘I heard a girl who spoke’, equivalent to ek heyrða, at mær dœmði ‘I heard that a girl spoke’. Note that es ‘when’ in l. 8 may instead mean ‘who’, while Kershaw (1922, 83) interprets it as ‘as, when’.
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
notes
[6] þeim es ek heyrða ... mey ‘that I heard a ... girl’: This is elliptical, lacking an inf. of a verb of saying. (a) In the translation given here, segja (frá) of l. 5 is assumed to be supplied again in the next line, hence ‘recount … [utter]’ (so Ulset 1975, 27). (b) Skj B interprets the construction as ‘the words that I heard from a girl’, to which Kock (NN §1815) objects on the ground that mey cannot mean ‘from a girl’. (c) Kock assumes a mixed construction, in which dœma môlum ‘speak (in) words’ is conflated with ek heyrða mey, es dœmði ‘I heard a girl who spoke’, equivalent to ek heyrða, at mær dœmði ‘I heard that a girl spoke’. Note that es ‘when’ in l. 8 may instead mean ‘who’, while Kershaw (1922, 83) interprets it as ‘as, when’.
mey ‘girl’
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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
notes
[6] þeim es ek heyrða ... mey ‘that I heard a ... girl’: This is elliptical, lacking an inf. of a verb of saying. (a) In the translation given here, segja (frá) of l. 5 is assumed to be supplied again in the next line, hence ‘recount … [utter]’ (so Ulset 1975, 27). (b) Skj B interprets the construction as ‘the words that I heard from a girl’, to which Kock (NN §1815) objects on the ground that mey cannot mean ‘from a girl’. (c) Kock assumes a mixed construction, in which dœma môlum ‘speak (in) words’ is conflated with ek heyrða mey, es dœmði ‘I heard a girl who spoke’, equivalent to ek heyrða, at mær dœmði ‘I heard that a girl spoke’. Note that es ‘when’ in l. 8 may instead mean ‘who’, while Kershaw (1922, 83) interprets it as ‘as, when’.
heyrða ‘heard’
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2. heyra (verb): hear
notes
[6] þeim es ek heyrða ... mey ‘that I heard a ... girl’: This is elliptical, lacking an inf. of a verb of saying. (a) In the translation given here, segja (frá) of l. 5 is assumed to be supplied again in the next line, hence ‘recount … [utter]’ (so Ulset 1975, 27). (b) Skj B interprets the construction as ‘the words that I heard from a girl’, to which Kock (NN §1815) objects on the ground that mey cannot mean ‘from a girl’. (c) Kock assumes a mixed construction, in which dœma môlum ‘speak (in) words’ is conflated with ek heyrða mey, es dœmði ‘I heard a girl who spoke’, equivalent to ek heyrða, at mær dœmði ‘I heard that a girl spoke’. Note that es ‘when’ in l. 8 may instead mean ‘who’, while Kershaw (1922, 83) interprets it as ‘as, when’.
hvíta ‘a white’
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hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white
haddbjarta ‘bright-haired’
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haddbjartr (adj.): [bright-haired]
es ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
rœddi ‘’
hrafn ‘a raven’
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Fsk, this stanza and the next five are offered in evidence of the remark that champions flocked to Haraldr hárfagri because of his munificence and the splendour of his court.
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