Anon Líkn 10^VII

Því ‘On this account’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

ber ‘bear’

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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

angr ‘sorrow’

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1. angr (noun m.; °angrs, dat. angri/angr): grief

at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

engu ‘not at all’

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2. engi (pron.): no, none

árs ‘abundance’

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2. ár (noun n.; °-s; -): year, year’s abundance

kennings

notes

[3, 2, 4] skilfingi skírs árs (dat.) ‘king of bright abundance [= God (= Christ)]’: This is the poem’s first of several uses of ár in a kenning for God or Christ; cf. 17/1 árstillir ‘instituter of abundance’, 20/5 árveitir ‘abundance giver’, 46/2-3 árs öðlingr ‘prince of year’s abundance’, 47/3 árs eflir ‘strengthener of year’s abundance’. In each of these, either the temporal sense ‘year’ or the beneficent concept of ‘(year’s) abundance’ (cf. Lat. annona) accords with the divine referent, as creator of time or as giver of bounty and good fortune. Such kennings only occur in Líkn, and the concentration of them, together with other instances of the word (see Notes to 5/5 and possibly 2/5), may support de Vries’s speculation (1964-7, II, 76) that the overall number of sts is symbolic of the fifty-two weeks of the year. Snorri Sturluson (SnE 1931, 184; SnE 1998, I, 103) defines skilfingr ‘king, prince’ (l. 4) as a descendent of the legendary warrior king Skelfir; cf. OE scylfingas. Used of Christ or God only here, the heiti also occurs in Geisl 13/3 of S. Óláfr.

launa ‘requite’

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launa (verb): reward

notes

[2] ek launa ‘I requite’: Skj B emends to launum vér, apparently to avoid the possibility of elision and for agreement with oss ‘us’; NN §2327 objects, and indeed 1st pers. sg. and pl. regularly alternate in skaldic poetry, especially with reference to the poet.

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[2] ek launa ‘I requite’: Skj B emends to launum vér, apparently to avoid the possibility of elision and for agreement with oss ‘us’; NN §2327 objects, and indeed 1st pers. sg. and pl. regularly alternate in skaldic poetry, especially with reference to the poet.

sárar ‘for his sore’

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sárr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): sore, painful; wounded

skírs ‘of bright’

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2. skírr (adj.): pure, bright

kennings

notes

[3, 2, 4] skilfingi skírs árs (dat.) ‘king of bright abundance [= God (= Christ)]’: This is the poem’s first of several uses of ár in a kenning for God or Christ; cf. 17/1 árstillir ‘instituter of abundance’, 20/5 árveitir ‘abundance giver’, 46/2-3 árs öðlingr ‘prince of year’s abundance’, 47/3 árs eflir ‘strengthener of year’s abundance’. In each of these, either the temporal sense ‘year’ or the beneficent concept of ‘(year’s) abundance’ (cf. Lat. annona) accords with the divine referent, as creator of time or as giver of bounty and good fortune. Such kennings only occur in Líkn, and the concentration of them, together with other instances of the word (see Notes to 5/5 and possibly 2/5), may support de Vries’s speculation (1964-7, II, 76) that the overall number of sts is symbolic of the fifty-two weeks of the year. Snorri Sturluson (SnE 1931, 184; SnE 1998, I, 103) defines skilfingr ‘king, prince’ (l. 4) as a descendent of the legendary warrior king Skelfir; cf. OE scylfingas. Used of Christ or God only here, the heiti also occurs in Geisl 13/3 of S. Óláfr.

sem ‘as’

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sem (conj.): as, which

skyldugt ‘due’

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skyldugr (adj.): [due]

væri ‘would be’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

skilfingi ‘the king’

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skilfingr (noun m.): lord, king

kennings

notes

[3, 2, 4] skilfingi skírs árs (dat.) ‘king of bright abundance [= God (= Christ)]’: This is the poem’s first of several uses of ár in a kenning for God or Christ; cf. 17/1 árstillir ‘instituter of abundance’, 20/5 árveitir ‘abundance giver’, 46/2-3 árs öðlingr ‘prince of year’s abundance’, 47/3 árs eflir ‘strengthener of year’s abundance’. In each of these, either the temporal sense ‘year’ or the beneficent concept of ‘(year’s) abundance’ (cf. Lat. annona) accords with the divine referent, as creator of time or as giver of bounty and good fortune. Such kennings only occur in Líkn, and the concentration of them, together with other instances of the word (see Notes to 5/5 and possibly 2/5), may support de Vries’s speculation (1964-7, II, 76) that the overall number of sts is symbolic of the fifty-two weeks of the year. Snorri Sturluson (SnE 1931, 184; SnE 1998, I, 103) defines skilfingr ‘king, prince’ (l. 4) as a descendent of the legendary warrior king Skelfir; cf. OE scylfingas. Used of Christ or God only here, the heiti also occurs in Geisl 13/3 of S. Óláfr.

píningar ‘torments’

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píning (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u; -ar): torment

Þó ‘Yet’

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þó (adv.): though

gleðr ‘gladdens’

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gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice

[5] gleðr: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘gl[...]dr’ B

enn ‘still’

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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

sem ‘as’

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sem (conj.): as, which

aðra ‘others’

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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

oss ‘us’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

sú ‘’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[6, 8, 6] dýr líkn, sú er hlauz lýð ‘precious grace which was allotted to mankind’: Cf. hlaut and líkn in Has 24/1-4. Rydberg 1907, 48 (cf. lxii) emends lýð ‘(common) people, mankind’ (l. 7) to acc. pl. lýða, taken in conjunction with sem aðra (l. 5) as object of gleðr, i.e. ‘which gladdens us as well as other people’.

er ‘which’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

notes

[6, 8, 6] dýr líkn, sú er hlauz lýð ‘precious grace which was allotted to mankind’: Cf. hlaut and líkn in Has 24/1-4. Rydberg 1907, 48 (cf. lxii) emends lýð ‘(common) people, mankind’ (l. 7) to acc. pl. lýða, taken in conjunction with sem aðra (l. 5) as object of gleðr, i.e. ‘which gladdens us as well as other people’.

hlauz ‘was allotted’

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hljóta (verb): alot, gain

notes

[6, 8, 6] dýr líkn, sú er hlauz lýð ‘precious grace which was allotted to mankind’: Cf. hlaut and líkn in Has 24/1-4. Rydberg 1907, 48 (cf. lxii) emends lýð ‘(common) people, mankind’ (l. 7) to acc. pl. lýða, taken in conjunction with sem aðra (l. 5) as object of gleðr, i.e. ‘which gladdens us as well as other people’.

af ‘from’

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af (prep.): from

notes

[6] af krossi ‘from the Cross’: The prep. can also mean ‘by means of’; as in st. 39 and possibly 1/5-8 the Cross may be construed here as instrumental.

krossi ‘the Cross’

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kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix

notes

[6] af krossi ‘from the Cross’: The prep. can also mean ‘by means of’; as in st. 39 and possibly 1/5-8 the Cross may be construed here as instrumental.

lýð ‘to people’

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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people

notes

[6, 8, 6] dýr líkn, sú er hlauz lýð ‘precious grace which was allotted to mankind’: Cf. hlaut and líkn in Has 24/1-4. Rydberg 1907, 48 (cf. lxii) emends lýð ‘(common) people, mankind’ (l. 7) to acc. pl. lýða, taken in conjunction with sem aðra (l. 5) as object of gleðr, i.e. ‘which gladdens us as well as other people’.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

lofðungs ‘of the king’

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lofðungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, leader

[7] lofðungs: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘lo᷎fdunngs’ B

kennings

notes

[7] lofðungs ‘king’s’: B has ‘o᷎’, an error for ‘o’ (cf. lofðungs 399a-bˣ); the noun is etymologically related to lof ‘praise’.

dauða ‘from the death’

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dauði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death

líkn ‘grace’

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líkn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): grace, mercy

notes

[6, 8, 6] dýr líkn, sú er hlauz lýð ‘precious grace which was allotted to mankind’: Cf. hlaut and líkn in Has 24/1-4. Rydberg 1907, 48 (cf. lxii) emends lýð ‘(common) people, mankind’ (l. 7) to acc. pl. lýða, taken in conjunction with sem aðra (l. 5) as object of gleðr, i.e. ‘which gladdens us as well as other people’.

dýr ‘precious’

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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

notes

[6, 8, 6] dýr líkn, sú er hlauz lýð ‘precious grace which was allotted to mankind’: Cf. hlaut and líkn in Has 24/1-4. Rydberg 1907, 48 (cf. lxii) emends lýð ‘(common) people, mankind’ (l. 7) to acc. pl. lýða, taken in conjunction with sem aðra (l. 5) as object of gleðr, i.e. ‘which gladdens us as well as other people’.

himinríkis ‘of heaven’s kingdom’

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himinríki (noun n.): Heaven

kennings