Þfagr Frag 1III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Þorleikr fagri, Fragments 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 484.
þýtr ‘roars’
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þjóta (verb): roar
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
berr ‘carries’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
bára ‘the wave’
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1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave
bjart ‘bright’
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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
[2] bjart: ‘[…]’ B, ‘biart’ 744ˣ, brýtr C
við ‘wood’
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1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree
rauðan ‘the red’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
gránn ‘The grey’
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gránn (adj.): grey
[3] gránn: gráns R, Tˣ, A, C, ‘[…]’ B, ‘gra . s’ 744ˣ
notes
[3] gránn (m. nom. sg.) ‘grey’: All mss have gráns (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the grey’, which makes no sense syntactically. The adj. can qualify either sær m. nom. sg. ‘sea’ or hlunnvisundr m. nom. sg. ‘ship’. Since the wood of the ship is described as ‘red’ (rauðan við) (l. 2), the former is more likely. The adj. gránn can also mean ‘dangerous’, but in light of the colour imagery that pervades this stanza, the meaning ‘grey’ has been adopted.
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II.
golli ‘with its gold’
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gull (noun n.): gold
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II.
búnum ‘adorned’
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II.
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II.
hlunn ‘the roller’
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hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)
[4] hlunn‑: hlunnr B
kennings
hlunnvisundr‘the roller-bison ’
= SHIP
the roller-bison → SHIP
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.
hlunn ‘the roller’
(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)
[4] hlunn‑: hlunnr B
kennings
hlunnvisundr‘the roller-bison ’
= SHIP
the roller-bison → SHIP
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.
visundr ‘bison’
(not checked:)
vísundr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): bison < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)
kennings
hlunnvisundr‘the roller-bison ’
= SHIP
the roller-bison → SHIP
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.
visundr ‘bison’
(not checked:)
vísundr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): bison < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)
kennings
hlunnvisundr‘the roller-bison ’
= SHIP
the roller-bison → SHIP
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.
munni ‘mouth’
(not checked:)
munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth
notes
[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10II, 11/1-4II.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Bára ‘wave’ is listed in Skm among the heiti for ‘wave’.
[2]: This line closely resembles ESk Frag 17/8. — [4]: This line is unusual because it contains three internal rhymes in positions bearing primary stress (gínn : hlunn- : munn-).
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