Þdís Saint 1III
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Þorbjǫrn dísarskáld, Poem about a Saint 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 472.
Haf ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea < 1. hafreið (noun f.)
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] hafreiðar ‘of the sea-chariot’: The base-word of a ship-kenning, with hlunns ‘of the slipway roller’ as determinant. Because haf- ‘sea’ makes the kenning overdetermined (‘chariot of the slipway roller’ would be sufficient), eds have sought to interpret haf- as derived from the verb hefja ‘raise’ in the sense ‘lifting, moving up and down’ (so LP: 1. hafreið and SnE 1998, II, 299). However, hafreið occurs once elsewhere (ÞTref Hrafn 5/6V) clearly in the sense ‘sea-chariot’ (probably a kenning for ‘ship’), so the more obvious sense has been retained here. Kock (NN §428) emended hafreiðar to hôreiðar ‘of the high chariot’, but there is no ms. support for this emendation.
Haf ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea < 1. hafreið (noun f.)
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] hafreiðar ‘of the sea-chariot’: The base-word of a ship-kenning, with hlunns ‘of the slipway roller’ as determinant. Because haf- ‘sea’ makes the kenning overdetermined (‘chariot of the slipway roller’ would be sufficient), eds have sought to interpret haf- as derived from the verb hefja ‘raise’ in the sense ‘lifting, moving up and down’ (so LP: 1. hafreið and SnE 1998, II, 299). However, hafreið occurs once elsewhere (ÞTref Hrafn 5/6V) clearly in the sense ‘sea-chariot’ (probably a kenning for ‘ship’), so the more obvious sense has been retained here. Kock (NN §428) emended hafreiðar to hôreiðar ‘of the high chariot’, but there is no ms. support for this emendation.
reiðar ‘chariot’
(not checked:)
1. reið (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar): riding; chariot < 1. hafreið (noun f.)
[1] ‑reiðar: ‑ræðar U
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] hafreiðar ‘of the sea-chariot’: The base-word of a ship-kenning, with hlunns ‘of the slipway roller’ as determinant. Because haf- ‘sea’ makes the kenning overdetermined (‘chariot of the slipway roller’ would be sufficient), eds have sought to interpret haf- as derived from the verb hefja ‘raise’ in the sense ‘lifting, moving up and down’ (so LP: 1. hafreið and SnE 1998, II, 299). However, hafreið occurs once elsewhere (ÞTref Hrafn 5/6V) clearly in the sense ‘sea-chariot’ (probably a kenning for ‘ship’), so the more obvious sense has been retained here. Kock (NN §428) emended hafreiðar to hôreiðar ‘of the high chariot’, but there is no ms. support for this emendation.
reiðar ‘chariot’
(not checked:)
1. reið (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar): riding; chariot < 1. hafreið (noun f.)
[1] ‑reiðar: ‑ræðar U
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] hafreiðar ‘of the sea-chariot’: The base-word of a ship-kenning, with hlunns ‘of the slipway roller’ as determinant. Because haf- ‘sea’ makes the kenning overdetermined (‘chariot of the slipway roller’ would be sufficient), eds have sought to interpret haf- as derived from the verb hefja ‘raise’ in the sense ‘lifting, moving up and down’ (so LP: 1. hafreið and SnE 1998, II, 299). However, hafreið occurs once elsewhere (ÞTref Hrafn 5/6V) clearly in the sense ‘sea-chariot’ (probably a kenning for ‘ship’), so the more obvious sense has been retained here. Kock (NN §428) emended hafreiðar to hôreiðar ‘of the high chariot’, but there is no ms. support for this emendation.
vas ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
hlunns ‘of the slipway roller’
(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
hlunns ‘of the slipway roller’
(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller
kennings
Hlœðir hafreiðar hlunns‘The loader of the sea-chariot of the slipway roller ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-chariot of the slipway roller → SHIP
The loader of the SHIP → SEAFARER
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
skírnar ‘of baptism’
(not checked:)
skírn (noun f.; °-ar): [baptism]
notes
[2] skírnar ‘of baptism’: Assuming a date of composition for Þdís Saint as c. 1000 or a little afterwards, this is the earliest poetic use of this Christian term (cf. Anon Leið 12/2VII, Anon Lil 5/1VII) and probably among the earliest recorded in Old Norse (see ONP : skírn).
brunni ‘the pool’
(not checked:)
brunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): spring, well
Hvíta ‘of White’
(not checked:)
hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white < Hvítakristr (noun m.)
[3] Hvíta‑: húna A
notes
[3] Hvíta-Krists ‘of White-Christ’: The term is used, particularly around the conversion period, to refer to Jesus Christ, probably on account of the white garments worn by converts about to be baptised (cf. LP: Hvíta-Kristr). In poetry, it is only used here and in Sigv Lv 23/2I.
Krists ‘Christ’
(not checked:)
Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ < Hvítakristr (noun m.)
[3] ‑Krists: kristr Tˣ, U
notes
[3] Hvíta-Krists ‘of White-Christ’: The term is used, particularly around the conversion period, to refer to Jesus Christ, probably on account of the white garments worn by converts about to be baptised (cf. LP: Hvíta-Kristr). In poetry, it is only used here and in Sigv Lv 23/2I.
s ‘’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
hæsta ‘the highest’
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
hodd ‘the hoard’
(not checked:)
2. hodd (noun n.): [hoard] < hoddsviptir (noun m.)
[4] hodd‑: so all others, ‘hod’ R
kennings
hoddsviptir,‘the hoard-flinger, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hoard-flinger, → GENEROUS MAN
sviptir ‘flinger’
(not checked:)
sviptir (noun m.; °-s): flinger < hoddsviptir (noun m.)
kennings
hoddsviptir,‘the hoard-flinger, ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the hoard-flinger, → GENEROUS MAN
fekk ‘received’
(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
giptu ‘grace’
(not checked:)
1. gifta (noun f.): grace, fortune
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