ÞSkall Valfl 2^II

Víst ‘indeed’

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1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)

[1] Víst: Vistir Hr

hefr ‘has’

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hafa (verb): have

Val ‘Wal’

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2. valr (noun m.; °-s): falcon < Valþjófr (noun m.): [lay]

þjóf ‘theof’

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þjófr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): thief < Valþjófr (noun m.): [lay]

[1] ‑þjóf: ‘‑diof’ FskAˣ

hraustan ‘the bold’

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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant

Vil ‘Wil’

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(non-lexical) < Viljalmr (noun m.): William, Viljálmr

jalmr ‘liam’

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(non-lexical) < Viljalmr (noun m.): William, Viljálmr

[2] ‑jalmr: ‑hjalmr F, E, J2ˣ, H, Hr, ‘iamr’ NRA51

sás ‘who’

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sás (conj.): the one who

notes

[2] sás rauð malma ‘who reddened weapons’: Skj B takes this rel. cl. to refer to Waltheof, but that is unlikely because sás is m. nom. sg. and Valþjóf (l. 1) is m. acc. sg. (we would expect the demonstrative to take the case of the antecedent).

rauð ‘reddened’

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rjóða (verb): to redden

notes

[2] sás rauð malma ‘who reddened weapons’: Skj B takes this rel. cl. to refer to Waltheof, but that is unlikely because sás is m. nom. sg. and Valþjóf (l. 1) is m. acc. sg. (we would expect the demonstrative to take the case of the antecedent).

malma ‘weapons’

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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal

[2] malma: so F, E, J2ˣ, H, NRA51, FskAˣ, hjalma Kˣ, Hr

notes

[2] malma ‘weapons’: The ms. witnesses show that hjalma ‘helmets’ is an independent innovation in Kˣ and Hr. — [2] sás rauð malma ‘who reddened weapons’: Skj B takes this rel. cl. to refer to Waltheof, but that is unlikely because sás is m. nom. sg. and Valþjóf (l. 1) is m. acc. sg. (we would expect the demonstrative to take the case of the antecedent).

malma ‘weapons’

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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal

[2] malma: so F, E, J2ˣ, H, NRA51, FskAˣ, hjalma Kˣ, Hr

notes

[2] malma ‘weapons’: The ms. witnesses show that hjalma ‘helmets’ is an independent innovation in Kˣ and Hr. — [2] sás rauð malma ‘who reddened weapons’: Skj B takes this rel. cl. to refer to Waltheof, but that is unlikely because sás is m. nom. sg. and Valþjóf (l. 1) is m. acc. sg. (we would expect the demonstrative to take the case of the antecedent).

hinn ‘the one’

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2. inn (art.): the

es ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

haf ‘sea’

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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea

skar ‘cut’

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skera (verb): cut

sunnan ‘from the south’

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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south

hélt ‘the rime-flecked’

í ‘under’

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í (prep.): in, into

notes

[4] í tryggð ‘under safe-conduct’: After having joined the second conspiracy against William, Waltheof repented and threw himself on William’s mercy. William had first been inclined to show leniency, but after he returned to England, he captured Waltheof and threw him in prison (see Scott 1952, 205-6).

tryggð ‘safe conduct’

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tryggð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar): security, oath

notes

[4] í tryggð ‘under safe-conduct’: After having joined the second conspiracy against William, Waltheof repented and threw himself on William’s mercy. William had first been inclined to show leniency, but after he returned to England, he captured Waltheof and threw him in prison (see Scott 1952, 205-6).

of ‘’

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4. of (particle): (before verb)

[4] of: ok Hr

véltan ‘betrayed’

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véla (verb): betray, trick

Satts ‘It is true’

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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true

[5] Satts (‘satt er’): ‘sottr en’ Hr

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4.

at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4.

síð ‘be slow’

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2. síð (adv.): late

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4.

mun ‘will’

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munu (verb): will, must

[5] mun: munu E, J2ˣ

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4.

létta ‘to cease’

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létta (verb): to relieve, lighten

[5] létta: hætta Hr

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4.

snarr ‘brave’

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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold

notes

[6] en harri minn vas snarr ‘but my lord was brave’: So Skj B, Skald. ÍF 28 emends to an harri minn vas snarr and construes deyrat mærri mildingr an snarr harri minn vas translated as ekki deyr ágætari konungur en hinn vaski dróttinn minn var ‘a more splendid king will not die than my brave lord was’ (ll. 6-7). Aside from an unnecessary normalisation (en ‘but’ replaced by an ‘than’), this reading violates the w. o. in an independent cl. (the finite verb deyrat ‘will not die’ (l. 7) then occurs in syntactic position 3).

en ‘but’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

[6] en minn vas harri (‘enn minn var harri’): ‘elþrimo’ F

notes

[6] en harri minn vas snarr ‘but my lord was brave’: So Skj B, Skald. ÍF 28 emends to an harri minn vas snarr and construes deyrat mærri mildingr an snarr harri minn vas translated as ekki deyr ágætari konungur en hinn vaski dróttinn minn var ‘a more splendid king will not die than my brave lord was’ (ll. 6-7). Aside from an unnecessary normalisation (en ‘but’ replaced by an ‘than’), this reading violates the w. o. in an independent cl. (the finite verb deyrat ‘will not die’ (l. 7) then occurs in syntactic position 3).

minn ‘my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

[6] en minn vas harri (‘enn minn var harri’): ‘elþrimo’ F

notes

[6] en harri minn vas snarr ‘but my lord was brave’: So Skj B, Skald. ÍF 28 emends to an harri minn vas snarr and construes deyrat mærri mildingr an snarr harri minn vas translated as ekki deyr ágætari konungur en hinn vaski dróttinn minn var ‘a more splendid king will not die than my brave lord was’ (ll. 6-7). Aside from an unnecessary normalisation (en ‘but’ replaced by an ‘than’), this reading violates the w. o. in an independent cl. (the finite verb deyrat ‘will not die’ (l. 7) then occurs in syntactic position 3).

vas ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[6] en minn vas harri (‘enn minn var harri’): ‘elþrimo’ F

notes

[6] en harri minn vas snarr ‘but my lord was brave’: So Skj B, Skald. ÍF 28 emends to an harri minn vas snarr and construes deyrat mærri mildingr an snarr harri minn vas translated as ekki deyr ágætari konungur en hinn vaski dróttinn minn var ‘a more splendid king will not die than my brave lord was’ (ll. 6-7). Aside from an unnecessary normalisation (en ‘but’ replaced by an ‘than’), this reading violates the w. o. in an independent cl. (the finite verb deyrat ‘will not die’ (l. 7) then occurs in syntactic position 3).

harri ‘lord’

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1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord

[6] en minn vas harri (‘enn minn var harri’): ‘elþrimo’ F

notes

[6] en harri minn vas snarr ‘but my lord was brave’: So Skj B, Skald. ÍF 28 emends to an harri minn vas snarr and construes deyrat mærri mildingr an snarr harri minn vas translated as ekki deyr ágætari konungur en hinn vaski dróttinn minn var ‘a more splendid king will not die than my brave lord was’ (ll. 6-7). Aside from an unnecessary normalisation (en ‘but’ replaced by an ‘than’), this reading violates the w. o. in an independent cl. (the finite verb deyrat ‘will not die’ (l. 7) then occurs in syntactic position 3).

deyrat ‘will not die’

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1. deyja (verb; °deyr; dó, dó(u); dá(i)nn): die

[7] deyrat: deyr eigi Kˣ, F, E, J2ˣ, deyr ei H, Hr

mildingr ‘munificent prince’

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mildingr (noun m.; °-s): ruler, generous one

mærri ‘a more splendid’

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2. mærr (adj.): famous

[7] mærri: meiri E, J2ˣ, H, Hr

notes

[7] mærri ‘a more splendid’: The variant meiri ‘a greater’ (so E, J2ˣ, H, Hr) is also possible, but appears to be an innovation (lectio facilior) of the Hkr y-branch.

manndráp ‘killings’

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manndráp (noun n.): manslaughter

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4.

á ‘in’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4. — [8] á Englandi ‘in England’: Could also go with the cl. in l. 7 (‘a more splendid munificent man will never die in England’), but that would detract from the force of that cl.

á ‘in’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4. — [8] á Englandi ‘in England’: Could also go with the cl. in l. 7 (‘a more splendid munificent man will never die in England’), but that would detract from the force of that cl.

Englandi ‘England’

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England (noun n.): England

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4. — [8] á Englandi ‘in England’: Could also go with the cl. in l. 7 (‘a more splendid munificent man will never die in England’), but that would detract from the force of that cl.

Englandi ‘England’

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England (noun n.): England

notes

[5, 8] satts, at manndráp mun síð létta á Englandi ‘it is true that killings will be slow to cease in England’: This prediction came true. For subsequent insurrections against William as well as attacks on England by Malcolm of Scotland, see Douglas 1964, 240-4. — [8] á Englandi ‘in England’: Could also go with the cl. in l. 7 (‘a more splendid munificent man will never die in England’), but that would detract from the force of that cl.