Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Liðsmannaflokkr 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1027.
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morginn (noun m.; °morgins, dat. morgni; morgnar): morning
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2. sjá (verb): see
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horn (noun n.; °-s; -): horn
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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1. bakki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): bank, slope
[3] má Hanga skalat hungra ‘the seagull of Hangi <= Óðinn> [RAVEN/EAGLE] must not go hungry’: Má is in the acc. case since the verb hungra ‘hunger, go hungry’ is impersonal.
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Hangi (noun m.; °-a): Hangi
[3] má Hanga skalat hungra ‘the seagull of Hangi <= Óðinn> [RAVEN/EAGLE] must not go hungry’: Má is in the acc. case since the verb hungra ‘hunger, go hungry’ is impersonal.
[3] má Hanga skalat hungra ‘the seagull of Hangi <= Óðinn> [RAVEN/EAGLE] must not go hungry’: Má is in the acc. case since the verb hungra ‘hunger, go hungry’ is impersonal.
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hungra (verb): be hungry
[3] má Hanga skalat hungra ‘the seagull of Hangi <= Óðinn> [RAVEN/EAGLE] must not go hungry’: Má is in the acc. case since the verb hungra ‘hunger, go hungry’ is impersonal.
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < hjalmskóð (noun n.)
[4] hjalm‑: hræ JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 41ˣ
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2. skóð (noun n.): harmer, scathe < hjalmskóð (noun n.)
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
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rjóða (verb): to redden
[All]: In Knýtl, sts 9/1-4 and 8/5-8 form a single stanza.
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3. eigi (adv.): not
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sveigir (noun m.): brandisher
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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
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laukr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): leek, mast
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í (prep.): in, into
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2. ár (noun n.; °-s; -): year, year’s abundance
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[7] Grjótvarar ‘Grjótvǫr [Steinvǫr]’: The (presumed) girlfriend under the protection of her unnamed father or guardian is named as Grjótvǫr, which appears to be ofljóst for Steinvǫr since grjót and steinn both mean ‘stone’ and the name Steinvǫr is attested while Grjótvǫr is not. The ‘stone’ element in the name, emphasised by ofljóst, chimes in with those in sts 6/7-8 and 8/4, but for what rhetorical purpose is unclear. This woman is mentioned nowhere else and may have been no more than the stereotypical ‘girl back home’. In an excerpt from Styrmir’s saga of Óláfr helgi in Flat, Óláfr composes a lausavísa (Ólhelg Lv 4) about the loss of a girlfriend, and there too there is mention of Staðr and a play on the idea of stones.
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Grjótvǫr (noun f.): Grjótvǫr
[7] Grjótvarar ‘Grjótvǫr [Steinvǫr]’: The (presumed) girlfriend under the protection of her unnamed father or guardian is named as Grjótvǫr, which appears to be ofljóst for Steinvǫr since grjót and steinn both mean ‘stone’ and the name Steinvǫr is attested while Grjótvǫr is not. The ‘stone’ element in the name, emphasised by ofljóst, chimes in with those in sts 6/7-8 and 8/4, but for what rhetorical purpose is unclear. This woman is mentioned nowhere else and may have been no more than the stereotypical ‘girl back home’. In an excerpt from Styrmir’s saga of Óláfr helgi in Flat, Óláfr composes a lausavísa (Ólhelg Lv 4) about the loss of a girlfriend, and there too there is mention of Staðr and a play on the idea of stones.
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2. gæta (verb): look after, care for
[7] Grjótvarar ‘Grjótvǫr [Steinvǫr]’: The (presumed) girlfriend under the protection of her unnamed father or guardian is named as Grjótvǫr, which appears to be ofljóst for Steinvǫr since grjót and steinn both mean ‘stone’ and the name Steinvǫr is attested while Grjótvǫr is not. The ‘stone’ element in the name, emphasised by ofljóst, chimes in with those in sts 6/7-8 and 8/4, but for what rhetorical purpose is unclear. This woman is mentioned nowhere else and may have been no more than the stereotypical ‘girl back home’. In an excerpt from Styrmir’s saga of Óláfr helgi in Flat, Óláfr composes a lausavísa (Ólhelg Lv 4) about the loss of a girlfriend, and there too there is mention of Staðr and a play on the idea of stones.
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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board
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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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3. Staðr (noun m.): [Stad]
[8] Stað ‘Stad’: This is presumably the peninsula Stad or Stadlandet, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway.
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norðan (adv.): from the north
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Hvern morgin sér horna |
Every morning the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of drinking horns [WOMAN] sees the helmet-destroyers [SWORDS] reddened with blood on the bank of the Thames; the seagull of Hangi <= Óðinn> [RAVEN/EAGLE] must not go hungry. That brandisher of the battle-plank [SHIELD > WARRIOR] who watches over Grjótvǫr [Steinvǫr] to the north of Stad does not redden the leek of wounds [SWORD] in a hurry.
In the Óláfr sagas, as for st. 1; in Knýtl, as for st. 2.
[5-8]: This is the second occurrence of the refrain-like helmingr (see Note to st. 3/5-8), and this stanza also recapitulates other material used earlier in the flokkr. As explained in the Note to st. 3/5-8, Finnur Jónsson in Skj treats st. 9/5-8 as a variant of 3/5-8, and hence prints only ll. 1-4 of st. 9, except that ll. 7-8 are printed in a note to Skj AI, 221.
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