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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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ÞSjár Þórdr 3^I

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2012, ‘Þórðr Særeksson (Sjáreksson), Þórálfs drápa Skólmssonar 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 239.

Þórðr Særeksson (Sjáreksson)Þórálfs drápa Skólmssonar

þreytt ‘’

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þreyta (verb): prolong, strive

þrótt ‘’

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þróttr (noun m.): strength, might, valour

Þrot ‘Exhaustion’

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þrot (noun n.; °-s; -): [Exhaustion]

[1] Þrot: þrótt Kˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325IX 1 a, þreytt F

vas ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

sýnt ‘obvious’

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sýnn (adj.): visible

þó ‘’

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þó (adv.): though

þar ‘’

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þar (adv.): there

þás ‘when’

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þás (conj.): when

[1] þás (‘þa er’): þó er FskAˣ, þar er F

sóttusk ‘’

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sœkja (verb): seek, attack

sóktusk ‘’

sættusk ‘’

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sætta (verb): reconcile, settle

settusk ‘seated themselves’

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sitja (verb): sit

[1] settusk: so Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, sættusk FskBˣ, ‘sꝍctozt’ FskAˣ, sóttusk 325IX 1 a, Bb

sinn ‘their’

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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

róðr ‘’

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róðr (noun m.; °róðrar, dat. róðri, acc. róðr/róð(BǫglEirsp 458²⁴)): rowing-district, levy

róðs ‘’

róðrs ‘’

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róðr (noun m.; °róðrar, dat. róðri, acc. róðr/róð(BǫglEirsp 458²⁴)): rowing-district, levy

[2] róðrs: so Kˣ, ‘roðs’ FskBˣ, ‘raðrs’ FskAˣ, róðr F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 325IX 1 a, Bb

notes

[2] stinnan hlum róðrs ‘unbending oar-handle’: Lit. ‘unbending handle of rowing’; cf. Jesch (2001a, 154). The Hkr and ÓT variant stinnan þrǫm róðrs translates it as ‘unbending edge of rowing’, i.e. ‘railing’, which is an equally good reading.

við ‘by’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

straum ‘’

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straumr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): stream, current

strom ‘’

þrꜹ ‘’

þrǫm ‘’

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þrǫmr (noun m.; °dat. þremi; gen. þrama): rail, rim

limi ‘’

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lím (noun n.; °-s): [mortar, mast]

hlum ‘oar-handle’

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hlummr (noun m.; °; -ar): oar-handle

[2] hlum: limi FskAˣ, þrǫm Kˣ, F, J2ˣ, 61, ‘þrꜹ’ J1ˣ, straum 325IX 1 a, ‘strom’ Bb

notes

[2] stinnan hlum róðrs ‘unbending oar-handle’: Lit. ‘unbending handle of rowing’; cf. Jesch (2001a, 154). The Hkr and ÓT variant stinnan þrǫm róðrs translates it as ‘unbending edge of rowing’, i.e. ‘railing’, which is an equally good reading.

stúinna ‘’

stinnan ‘unbending’

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stinnr (adj.): stiff, firm

[2] stinnan: ‘stuinna’ J1ˣ

notes

[2] stinnan hlum róðrs ‘unbending oar-handle’: Lit. ‘unbending handle of rowing’; cf. Jesch (2001a, 154). The Hkr and ÓT variant stinnan þrǫm róðrs translates it as ‘unbending edge of rowing’, i.e. ‘railing’, which is an equally good reading.

maðr ‘a man’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person

notes

[3-4] maðr lét ǫnd ok ófár annarr ‘a man gave up his life, and not a few others’: I.e. ‘many men gave up their lives’. Ófár annarr is grammatically sg.

lét ‘gave up’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

notes

[3-4] maðr lét ǫnd ok ófár annarr ‘a man gave up his life, and not a few others’: I.e. ‘many men gave up their lives’. Ófár annarr is grammatically sg.

ǫnd ‘his life’

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2. ǫnd (noun f.; °andar, dat. ǫnd/ǫndu; andir): soul, breath

notes

[3-4] maðr lét ǫnd ok ófár annarr ‘a man gave up his life, and not a few others’: I.e. ‘many men gave up their lives’. Ófár annarr is grammatically sg.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[3-4] maðr lét ǫnd ok ófár annarr ‘a man gave up his life, and not a few others’: I.e. ‘many men gave up their lives’. Ófár annarr is grammatically sg.

annarr ‘others’

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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

notes

[3-4] maðr lét ǫnd ok ófár annarr ‘a man gave up his life, and not a few others’: I.e. ‘many men gave up their lives’. Ófár annarr is grammatically sg.

ófáir ‘’

ófár ‘not a few’

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ófár (adj.): not a few

[4] ófár búendr: so Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, ófár en bœndr FskBˣ, ófár bœndr FskAˣ, 61, ófáir búendr 325IX 1 a, ófáir bœndr Bb

notes

[3-4] maðr lét ǫnd ok ófár annarr ‘a man gave up his life, and not a few others’: I.e. ‘many men gave up their lives’. Ófár annarr is grammatically sg.

bœndr ‘’

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bóndi (noun m.; °-a; bǿndr/bǿndir(HkrEirsp 58⁴)/bondr(Nj AM 468 4° 78r⁴), gen. & dat. bónd-/bǿnd-): man, farmer, peasant, landowner

bœndr ‘’

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bóndi (noun m.; °-a; bǿndr/bǿndir(HkrEirsp 58⁴)/bondr(Nj AM 468 4° 78r⁴), gen. & dat. bónd-/bǿnd-): man, farmer, peasant, landowner

bœndr ‘’

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bóndi (noun m.; °-a; bǿndr/bǿndir(HkrEirsp 58⁴)/bondr(Nj AM 468 4° 78r⁴), gen. & dat. bónd-/bǿnd-): man, farmer, peasant, landowner

en ‘’

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4. en (conj.): than

búendr ‘farmers’

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búandi (noun m.; °-a; búendr (bøendr var. ÓH 47¹²: AM 325 VII 4° 325 VII), dat. búǫndum/búandum/búendum): farmer, resident

[4] ófár búendr: so Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, ófár en bœndr FskBˣ, ófár bœndr FskAˣ, 61, ófáir búendr 325IX 1 a, ófáir bœndr Bb

sárir ‘wounded’

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sárr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): sore, painful; wounded

Ok ‘And’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

hjǫrkrafðir ‘the sword-claimed’

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hjǫrkrafiðr (adj./verb p.p.): [sword-claimed]

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

hǫfðu ‘had’

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hafa (verb): have

huggendr ‘comforters’

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huggandi (noun m.; °; -endr): [comforters]

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

Munins ‘of Muninn’s’

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Muninn (noun m.): Muninn

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

notes

[6] tuggu Munins ‘of Muninn’s <raven’s> mouthful [CORPSE]’: Muninn and Huginn (see st. 4/4) were Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth (Gylf, SnE 2005, 32-3).

Munins ‘of Muninn’s’

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Muninn (noun m.): Muninn

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

notes

[6] tuggu Munins ‘of Muninn’s <raven’s> mouthful [CORPSE]’: Muninn and Huginn (see st. 4/4) were Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth (Gylf, SnE 2005, 32-3).

Munins ‘of Muninn’s’

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Muninn (noun m.): Muninn

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

notes

[6] tuggu Munins ‘of Muninn’s <raven’s> mouthful [CORPSE]’: Muninn and Huginn (see st. 4/4) were Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth (Gylf, SnE 2005, 32-3).

tungu ‘’

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tunga (noun f.; °-u; -ur): tongue, language

tuggu ‘mouthful’

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tugga (noun f.; °-u): [mouthful]

[6] tuggu: tungu FskAˣ

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

notes

[6] tuggu Munins ‘of Muninn’s <raven’s> mouthful [CORPSE]’: Muninn and Huginn (see st. 4/4) were Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth (Gylf, SnE 2005, 32-3).

tuggu ‘mouthful’

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tugga (noun f.; °-u): [mouthful]

[6] tuggu: tungu FskAˣ

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

notes

[6] tuggu Munins ‘of Muninn’s <raven’s> mouthful [CORPSE]’: Muninn and Huginn (see st. 4/4) were Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth (Gylf, SnE 2005, 32-3).

tuggu ‘mouthful’

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tugga (noun f.; °-u): [mouthful]

[6] tuggu: tungu FskAˣ

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

notes

[6] tuggu Munins ‘of Muninn’s <raven’s> mouthful [CORPSE]’: Muninn and Huginn (see st. 4/4) were Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth (Gylf, SnE 2005, 32-3).

gauks ‘of the cuckoo’

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gaukr (noun m.; °dat. -): cuckoo

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

gauks ‘of the cuckoo’

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gaukr (noun m.; °dat. -): cuckoo

kennings

hjǫrkrafðir huggendr gauks tuggu Munins
‘the sword-claimed comforters of the cuckoo of Muninn’s mouthful ’
= WARRIORS
Muninn’s mouthful → CORPSE
the cuckoo of the CORPSE → EAGLE
the sword-claimed comforters of the EAGLE → WARRIORS

við ‘by’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

um ‘’

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2. um (particle): (particle)

gjalfr ‘’

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gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves

gjǫlfrum ‘by the waves’

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gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves

[7] gjǫlfrum: gjalfr um FskBˣ, FskAˣ

notes

[7] gjǫlfrum ‘by the waves’: Both mss read gjalfr um, which must have been caused by a confusion of the adj. ending ‑um (n. dat. pl.) and the expletive particle um (with leikna ‘swept’).

leikna ‘swept’

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3. leika (verb): play

grunnum ‘’

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1. grunnr (noun m.): bottom, shallows

grunnu* ‘the shallows’

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1. grunnr (noun m.): bottom, shallows

[8] grunnu*: grunnum FskBˣ, FskAˣ

notes

[8] grunnu* ‘the shallows’: Grunnum (m. dat. pl.), apparently a scribal error, has been emended to grunnu (m. acc. pl.) to agree with leikna ‘swept’ (m. acc. pl.). Kock (NN §1131) emends to grunna, claiming that this noun is an a-stem. However, AEW: grunnr gives the etymology grunnr < *grunþu (u-stem).

samit ‘’

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2. sama (verb): befit

sand ‘sand’

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sandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sand, beach

[8] sand: samit FskAˣ

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

notes

[8] í munni ‘in their mouths’: Lit. ‘in mouth’.

munni ‘their mouths’

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munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth

notes

[8] í munni ‘in their mouths’: Lit. ‘in mouth’.

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

As st. 2 above.

In Hkr and ÓT, sts 3/1-4 and 4 form a single stanza.

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