Jayne Carroll (ed.) 2012, ‘Þórðr Kolbeinsson, Eiríksdrápa 14’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 508.
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gull (noun n.): gold < gullkennir (noun m.): [gold-master]
[1] Gollkennir: ‘Gullkennr’ J1ˣ, golls kennir 325V, Tóm
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kennir (noun m.): teacher
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gull (noun n.): gold
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gullkennr (adj.)
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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kennir (noun m.): teacher < gullkennir (noun m.): [gold-master]
[1] Gollkennir: ‘Gullkennr’ J1ˣ, golls kennir 325V, Tóm
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gull (noun n.): gold
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
[2] hests: hest Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 75c, Bb(128ra), Tóm, 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, 41ˣ
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
[2] hests: hest Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 75c, Bb(128ra), Tóm, 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, 41ˣ
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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þýðr (adj.): kind
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vestan (prep.): from the west
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people
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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people
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1. vega (verb): strike, slay
[3] vá: ‘va(nn)’(?) R686ˣ, var 78aˣ, vá apparently corrected from ‘na’ 41ˣ
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leyfðr (adj./verb p.p.): celebrated
[3] leyfðr: lýðr R686ˣ, ‘ly[…]’ R686ˣ, lýðs J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, ‘leyfr’ JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, ‘leyfur’ 41ˣ
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2. láð (noun n.): earth, land
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til (prep.): to
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lund (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(Rém 301³¹)): mind, way
[4] Lundún ‘London’: Out of five instances of the p. n. in skaldic poetry, this is the only one in the sg. form as opposed to f. pl. Lundúnir. This supports the argument that Þórðr’s poem is not derivative of Sigv Víkv and Ótt Hfl, and therefore constitutes valid evidence for Eiríkr’s actions in England (see Note to st. 15/7). See further Townend (1998, 52-7). The Encomium Emmae (Campbell 1998, 22-3) also places Eiríkr at the siege of London.
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saman (adv.): together
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
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binda (verb; °bindr; batt/bant(cf. [$332$]), bundu; bundinn): bind, tie
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hregg (noun n.): storm
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[5] Fekk: gekk 68
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-þornir (noun m.)
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Þórir (noun m.): Þórir
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-þorinn (adj.): [bold, daring]
[5] regn rekka Þorins ‘the rain of the men of Þorinn <dwarf> [DWARFS > POETRY]’: (a) Þorinn is a dwarf-name meaning ‘bold’ (see Note to Þul Dverga 4/6III), and this phrase appears to be a straightforward poetry-kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (cf. Meissner 428 and Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]), though its pret. tense predicate rann ‘streamed, ran’ is curious. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emends rekka ‘men’ to Rǫkkva (gen. sg. of Rǫkkvi, a sea-king), combining this with rann ‘house’ to give ‘house of Rǫkkvi [SHIELD]’, and then with regn- ‘rain’ to give ‘shield-rain [BATTLE]’. Finnur combines this with the adj. þorinn ‘brave’, the reading of the Knýtl mss, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54 and Bb(106rb), to produce a phrasal adj. Rǫkkva rann-regnþorinn ‘battle-brave’, which qualifies Ulfkell (l. 8). Such a reading involves emendation, tmesis, and awkward word order. (c) Skald further emends rann to gen. sg. ranns, thus avoiding tmesis, but essentially retains Skj B’s adjectival interpretation.
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2. rekja (verb): unwind; track, trace
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rekkr (noun m.; °; -ar): man, champion
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reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler
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Þorinn (noun m.): Þorinn
[5] ‑Þorins: ‑þorin 972ˣ, 61(81ra), 61(71vb), 53, 41ˣ, ‘‑þoris’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, ‑þorinn 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54, Bb(106rb), JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, ‘þornis’ Tóm
[5] regn rekka Þorins ‘the rain of the men of Þorinn <dwarf> [DWARFS > POETRY]’: (a) Þorinn is a dwarf-name meaning ‘bold’ (see Note to Þul Dverga 4/6III), and this phrase appears to be a straightforward poetry-kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (cf. Meissner 428 and Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]), though its pret. tense predicate rann ‘streamed, ran’ is curious. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emends rekka ‘men’ to Rǫkkva (gen. sg. of Rǫkkvi, a sea-king), combining this with rann ‘house’ to give ‘house of Rǫkkvi [SHIELD]’, and then with regn- ‘rain’ to give ‘shield-rain [BATTLE]’. Finnur combines this with the adj. þorinn ‘brave’, the reading of the Knýtl mss, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54 and Bb(106rb), to produce a phrasal adj. Rǫkkva rann-regnþorinn ‘battle-brave’, which qualifies Ulfkell (l. 8). Such a reading involves emendation, tmesis, and awkward word order. (c) Skald further emends rann to gen. sg. ranns, thus avoiding tmesis, but essentially retains Skj B’s adjectival interpretation.
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Þorinn (noun m.): Þorinn
[5] ‑Þorins: ‑þorin 972ˣ, 61(81ra), 61(71vb), 53, 41ˣ, ‘‑þoris’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, ‑þorinn 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54, Bb(106rb), JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, ‘þornis’ Tóm
[5] regn rekka Þorins ‘the rain of the men of Þorinn <dwarf> [DWARFS > POETRY]’: (a) Þorinn is a dwarf-name meaning ‘bold’ (see Note to Þul Dverga 4/6III), and this phrase appears to be a straightforward poetry-kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (cf. Meissner 428 and Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]), though its pret. tense predicate rann ‘streamed, ran’ is curious. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emends rekka ‘men’ to Rǫkkva (gen. sg. of Rǫkkvi, a sea-king), combining this with rann ‘house’ to give ‘house of Rǫkkvi [SHIELD]’, and then with regn- ‘rain’ to give ‘shield-rain [BATTLE]’. Finnur combines this with the adj. þorinn ‘brave’, the reading of the Knýtl mss, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54 and Bb(106rb), to produce a phrasal adj. Rǫkkva rann-regnþorinn ‘battle-brave’, which qualifies Ulfkell (l. 8). Such a reading involves emendation, tmesis, and awkward word order. (c) Skald further emends rann to gen. sg. ranns, thus avoiding tmesis, but essentially retains Skj B’s adjectival interpretation.
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runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree
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rann (noun n.): house, hall
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rekkr (noun m.; °; -ar): man, champion
[5] rekka: rekja R686ˣ, reka J1ˣ, rekkum 325V
[5] regn rekka Þorins ‘the rain of the men of Þorinn <dwarf> [DWARFS > POETRY]’: (a) Þorinn is a dwarf-name meaning ‘bold’ (see Note to Þul Dverga 4/6III), and this phrase appears to be a straightforward poetry-kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (cf. Meissner 428 and Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]), though its pret. tense predicate rann ‘streamed, ran’ is curious. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emends rekka ‘men’ to Rǫkkva (gen. sg. of Rǫkkvi, a sea-king), combining this with rann ‘house’ to give ‘house of Rǫkkvi [SHIELD]’, and then with regn- ‘rain’ to give ‘shield-rain [BATTLE]’. Finnur combines this with the adj. þorinn ‘brave’, the reading of the Knýtl mss, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54 and Bb(106rb), to produce a phrasal adj. Rǫkkva rann-regnþorinn ‘battle-brave’, which qualifies Ulfkell (l. 8). Such a reading involves emendation, tmesis, and awkward word order. (c) Skald further emends rann to gen. sg. ranns, thus avoiding tmesis, but essentially retains Skj B’s adjectival interpretation.
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rekkr (noun m.; °; -ar): man, champion
[5] rekka: rekja R686ˣ, reka J1ˣ, rekkum 325V
[5] regn rekka Þorins ‘the rain of the men of Þorinn <dwarf> [DWARFS > POETRY]’: (a) Þorinn is a dwarf-name meaning ‘bold’ (see Note to Þul Dverga 4/6III), and this phrase appears to be a straightforward poetry-kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (cf. Meissner 428 and Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]), though its pret. tense predicate rann ‘streamed, ran’ is curious. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emends rekka ‘men’ to Rǫkkva (gen. sg. of Rǫkkvi, a sea-king), combining this with rann ‘house’ to give ‘house of Rǫkkvi [SHIELD]’, and then with regn- ‘rain’ to give ‘shield-rain [BATTLE]’. Finnur combines this with the adj. þorinn ‘brave’, the reading of the Knýtl mss, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 54 and Bb(106rb), to produce a phrasal adj. Rǫkkva rann-regnþorinn ‘battle-brave’, which qualifies Ulfkell (l. 8). Such a reading involves emendation, tmesis, and awkward word order. (c) Skald further emends rann to gen. sg. ranns, thus avoiding tmesis, but essentially retains Skj B’s adjectival interpretation.
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af (prep.): from
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2. renna (verb): run (strong)
[6] rann: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, rǫnn Kˣ, Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61(81ra), 75c, Bb(128ra), Tóm, 61(71vb), 53, 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, 41ˣ, runn 325V
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
[6] of: af R686ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 61(81ra), Bb(128ra), Tóm, 61(71vb), 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, 41ˣ
[6] of þingamǫnnum ‘over the þingamenn’: (a) This phrase is taken here with skulfu ‘shook’ (so Skj B; ÍF 27; ÍF 35). Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) notes that this most likely refers to Knútr’s men, and medieval Icelandic prose writers use this term for the band of Scandinavian retainers established by Knútr in England c. 1018 (see Note to Úlfr Lv 1/8II; ÍF 35, 100 n. 1). Such a sense is not certain here or in other C11th sources (Jesch 2001a, 192): Þórðr could be referring to the Scandinavian or English warriors, or both. (b) Poole (1987, 269-71), understanding þingamenn to refer to Knútr’s ‘elite corps’, construes the phrase with regn Þorins rekka rann, producing the reading, ‘the rain of Þorinn’s men ran over the þingamenn’, i.e. poetry was recited to them. Poole takes this as evidence of the poem’s delivery in England (see also Frank 1994b, 108). (c) Further possibilities are offered by af þingamǫnnum ‘from the þingamenn’, the reading of the Knýtl mss and several of the ÓH and ÓT mss. This phrase could be construed with Ulfkell fekk ýglig hǫgg, giving ‘Ulfkell received terrible blows from the þingamenn’ (so Skald). (d) Af þingamǫnnum could alternatively be construed with regn Þorins rekka rann, giving ‘the rain of Þorinn’s men ran from the þingamenn’, i.e. the þingamenn themselves recited poetry, for which see Anon Liðs.
[6] of þingamǫnnum ‘over the þingamenn’: (a) This phrase is taken here with skulfu ‘shook’ (so Skj B; ÍF 27; ÍF 35). Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) notes that this most likely refers to Knútr’s men, and medieval Icelandic prose writers use this term for the band of Scandinavian retainers established by Knútr in England c. 1018 (see Note to Úlfr Lv 1/8II; ÍF 35, 100 n. 1). Such a sense is not certain here or in other C11th sources (Jesch 2001a, 192): Þórðr could be referring to the Scandinavian or English warriors, or both. (b) Poole (1987, 269-71), understanding þingamenn to refer to Knútr’s ‘elite corps’, construes the phrase with regn Þorins rekka rann, producing the reading, ‘the rain of Þorinn’s men ran over the þingamenn’, i.e. poetry was recited to them. Poole takes this as evidence of the poem’s delivery in England (see also Frank 1994b, 108). (c) Further possibilities are offered by af þingamǫnnum ‘from the þingamenn’, the reading of the Knýtl mss and several of the ÓH and ÓT mss. This phrase could be construed with Ulfkell fekk ýglig hǫgg, giving ‘Ulfkell received terrible blows from the þingamenn’ (so Skald). (d) Af þingamǫnnum could alternatively be construed with regn Þorins rekka rann, giving ‘the rain of Þorinn’s men ran from the þingamenn’, i.e. the þingamenn themselves recited poetry, for which see Anon Liðs.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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óglíkr (adj.)
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œgiligr (adj.): [terrifying]
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œgiligr (adj.): [terrifying]
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ǫglir (noun m.): hawk
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < þingamaðr (noun m.)
[6] ‑mǫnnum: ‘‑monno’ Holm2, ‘mennum’ R686ˣ
[6] of þingamǫnnum ‘over the þingamenn’: (a) This phrase is taken here with skulfu ‘shook’ (so Skj B; ÍF 27; ÍF 35). Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) notes that this most likely refers to Knútr’s men, and medieval Icelandic prose writers use this term for the band of Scandinavian retainers established by Knútr in England c. 1018 (see Note to Úlfr Lv 1/8II; ÍF 35, 100 n. 1). Such a sense is not certain here or in other C11th sources (Jesch 2001a, 192): Þórðr could be referring to the Scandinavian or English warriors, or both. (b) Poole (1987, 269-71), understanding þingamenn to refer to Knútr’s ‘elite corps’, construes the phrase with regn Þorins rekka rann, producing the reading, ‘the rain of Þorinn’s men ran over the þingamenn’, i.e. poetry was recited to them. Poole takes this as evidence of the poem’s delivery in England (see also Frank 1994b, 108). (c) Further possibilities are offered by af þingamǫnnum ‘from the þingamenn’, the reading of the Knýtl mss and several of the ÓH and ÓT mss. This phrase could be construed with Ulfkell fekk ýglig hǫgg, giving ‘Ulfkell received terrible blows from the þingamenn’ (so Skald). (d) Af þingamǫnnum could alternatively be construed with regn Þorins rekka rann, giving ‘the rain of Þorinn’s men ran from the þingamenn’, i.e. the þingamenn themselves recited poetry, for which see Anon Liðs.
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hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow
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ýgligr (adj.): [terrible]
[7] ýglig: œgligt R686ˣ, 78aˣ, ‘Ogligt’ 972ˣ, ‘æygligt’ J1ˣ, ‘œygligt’ J2ˣ, œglig 73aˣ, JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, ‘yglis’ 68, ‘o᷎glis’ 61(81ra), ‘vgligt’ 325V, ‘yggug’ Bb(128ra), ok 41ˣ
[7] ýglig hǫgg ‘terrible blows’: The variant œglig ‘terrible’ is an acceptable alternative. In a number of mss, the n. acc. sg. forms ýgligt/œgligt indicate that hǫgg is interpreted as sg. ‘blow’.
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hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow
[7] hǫgg: ‘hog’ J1ˣ, Bb(128ra), hǫggs 61(81ra)
[7] ýglig hǫgg ‘terrible blows’: The variant œglig ‘terrible’ is an acceptable alternative. In a number of mss, the n. acc. sg. forms ýgligt/œgligt indicate that hǫgg is interpreted as sg. ‘blow’.
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
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þars (conj.): where
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
[7] eggjar: eggja Holm2, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Bb(128ra), ‘eggar’ R686ˣ
[8] Ulfkell: Ulfkels 78aˣ, 325V, Tóm, 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, Ulfkel Bb(128ra)
[8] Ulfkell ‘Ulfcytel’: Ealdorman of East Anglia, nicknamed snillingr ‘man of valour/eloquence’ in ON prose sources. He features in Anon Liðs 6/2 and Sigv Víkv 7/3: see Notes to these. Kock (NN §585), as part of his move towards simplified word order (see Note to ll. 5-6, interpretation (c) above), adopts the gen. form Ulfkels which is found in several mss, and reads þars bláar eggjar Ulfkels skulfu ‘where Ulfcytel’s dark edges shook’.
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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blár (adj.): black
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-kell (noun m.): [kell] < Ulfkell (noun m.): [Ulfcytel]
[8] Ulfkell: Ulfkels 78aˣ, 325V, Tóm, 54, Bb(106rb), Flat, JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, Ulfkel Bb(128ra)
[8] Ulfkell ‘Ulfcytel’: Ealdorman of East Anglia, nicknamed snillingr ‘man of valour/eloquence’ in ON prose sources. He features in Anon Liðs 6/2 and Sigv Víkv 7/3: see Notes to these. Kock (NN §585), as part of his move towards simplified word order (see Note to ll. 5-6, interpretation (c) above), adopts the gen. form Ulfkels which is found in several mss, and reads þars bláar eggjar Ulfkels skulfu ‘where Ulfcytel’s dark edges shook’.
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blár (adj.): black
[8] bláar: blá Holm2, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Bb(128ra), JÓ, 20dˣ, 873ˣ, 20i 23ˣ, ‘vid lar’ Tóm
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1. skjalfa (verb): shake - intrans.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Gollkennir lét gunni |
The gold-master [GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr] joined battle west of London; the celebrated Þundr <= Óðinn> of the horse of the sea [SHIP > SEAFARER = Eiríkr] won lands by fighting. Ulfcytel received terrible blows, where dark blades shook over the þingamenn; the rain of the men of Þorinn <dwarf> [DWARFS > POETRY] streamed.
In Hkr, ÓH, and ÓT, Eiríkr joins Knútr in England and is with him at the conquest of London. Eiríkr slays Úlfkell snillingr in battle, west of London. In Knýtl’s account (the more historically accurate), Eiríkr leaves his ships, engages Úlfkell in battle, and puts him to flight.
[1-4]: That the two warrior-kennings in this helmingr refer to Eiríkr is suggested by the context of a poem about Eiríkr and by the prose Context (above), but historically the reference could be to Knútr.
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