ÞGísl Búdr 11^I

Sté ‘leapt’

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stíga (verb): step

[1] Sté: so 53, 54, Bb, steig 61

fyrir ‘from’

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fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of

húf ‘the hull’

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húfr (noun m.; °dat. -i): hull

[1] húf: hof 53

hesti ‘of the horse’

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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion

kennings

hrófs ‘of the boat-shed’

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hróf (noun n.; °-s;): boat-shed

kennings

inn ‘The’

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2. inn (art.): the

kennings

þrekmesti ‘most powerful’

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þrekmikill (adj.): [most powerful]

kennings

gœðir ‘endower’

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gœðir (noun m.): strengthener, increaser

[3] gœðir: ‘giedir’ 54

kennings

gunn ‘of battle’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnskári (noun m.): [battle-gulls]

kennings

gunn ‘of battle’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnskári (noun m.): [battle-gulls]

kennings

skára ‘gulls’

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skári (noun m.): [sea-gull, gull] < gunnskári (noun m.): [battle-gulls]

kennings

skára ‘gulls’

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skári (noun m.): [sea-gull, gull] < gunnskári (noun m.): [battle-gulls]

kennings

gladdisk ‘was gladdened’

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gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice

naðr ‘the snake’

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naðr (noun m.): snake

kennings

notes

[4] naðr sára ‘the snake of wounds [SWORD]’: (a) This is attested in each of the extant mss and is retained here. As subject of gladdisk ‘was gladdened’, the sword is slightly personified, which is unusual, but is matched in st. 6/3 (see Note). (b) Fms retained naðr sára, glossing it as hræfuglinn ‘the carrion bird’. (c) In SHI 1, 206, Skj B and Skald, naðr is emended to nagr ‘bird’, resulting in a kenning for a bird of battle, which would be more natural in the context (and see TorfE Lv 3/7 and Note for a parallel involving nagr). CVC: nagr also regards naðr as a misspelling for nagr and suggests that the bird is a magpie.

sára ‘of wounds’

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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

kennings

notes

[4] naðr sára ‘the snake of wounds [SWORD]’: (a) This is attested in each of the extant mss and is retained here. As subject of gladdisk ‘was gladdened’, the sword is slightly personified, which is unusual, but is matched in st. 6/3 (see Note). (b) Fms retained naðr sára, glossing it as hræfuglinn ‘the carrion bird’. (c) In SHI 1, 206, Skj B and Skald, naðr is emended to nagr ‘bird’, resulting in a kenning for a bird of battle, which would be more natural in the context (and see TorfE Lv 3/7 and Note for a parallel involving nagr). CVC: nagr also regards naðr as a misspelling for nagr and suggests that the bird is a magpie.

Niðr ‘down’

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3. niðr (adv.): down

[5] Niðr: viðr 54

kom ‘poured’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

bens ‘of the wound’

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2. ben (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

[5] bens bára: byrs bára 61, bensára 53, 54, Bb

kennings

notes

[5] bára bens ‘the wave of the wound [BLOOD]’: Though not strictly an emendation, the reading bens bára is a conjectural combination of elements from byrs bára (61) and bensára or ben sára (53, 54, Bb). Neither ms. reading makes sense, and ‑sára appears to be a case of dittography (cf. l. 4 sára ‘of wounds’), while bens bára, adopted in previous eds (Fms 12, Skj B, Skald, Ólafur Halldórsson 2000) gives good sense. Ben ‘wound’ is more commonly a f. noun whose gen. form is benjar, but here it is n. with gen. sg. form in -s (cf. ANG §382); this may also have contributed to the presumed corruption. Bens is a suitable determinant for the blood-kenning required by the context (cf. Meissner 206-7), while the 61 reading byrs ‘of the favouring wind’ is not, unless byrr is assumed, exceptionally, to be a heiti for ‘battle’.

bára ‘The wave’

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1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave

[5] bens bára: byrs bára 61, bensára 53, 54, Bb

kennings

notes

[5] bára bens ‘the wave of the wound [BLOOD]’: Though not strictly an emendation, the reading bens bára is a conjectural combination of elements from byrs bára (61) and bensára or ben sára (53, 54, Bb). Neither ms. reading makes sense, and ‑sára appears to be a case of dittography (cf. l. 4 sára ‘of wounds’), while bens bára, adopted in previous eds (Fms 12, Skj B, Skald, Ólafur Halldórsson 2000) gives good sense. Ben ‘wound’ is more commonly a f. noun whose gen. form is benjar, but here it is n. with gen. sg. form in -s (cf. ANG §382); this may also have contributed to the presumed corruption. Bens is a suitable determinant for the blood-kenning required by the context (cf. Meissner 206-7), while the 61 reading byrs ‘of the favouring wind’ is not, unless byrr is assumed, exceptionally, to be a heiti for ‘battle’.

Búi ‘Búi’

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3. Búi (noun m.): Búi

nam ‘took’

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1. nema (verb): to take

sér ‘his’

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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

notes

[6] sér ‘his’: Dat. sg. of the refl. 3rd pers. pron. This is taken here as a poss. with l. 8 hǫnd ‘hand’. Skj B instead reads (in prose order) nam sér kistu í hvára hǫnd ‘he seized for himself a chest in each hand’. An additional sér follows hǫnd in 53, 54, Bb, but it adds a syllable that is surplus to the metre’s requirements and is omitted in 61.

hvára ‘each of’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

ferð ‘men’

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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey

hykk ‘I think’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

[7] hykk: ‘hysk’ 54, Bb

friðar ‘peace’

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friðr (noun m.): peace

misstu ‘missed out’

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2. missa (verb): lose, lack

frœkn ‘the valiant’

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frœkn (adj.): brave, bold

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

hǫnd ‘hands’

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hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand

[8] hǫnd: hǫnd sér 53, 54, Bb

kistu ‘a chest’

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kista (noun f.; °-u; -ur): coffin, chest