Valgerður Erna Þorvaldsdóttir (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 20’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 697.
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1. norðr (noun n.; °-s): [Norwegians, north]
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4. líka (verb): please
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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1. auka (verb; °eykr; jók, jóku/juku): (str. intrans.) increase
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yðvarr (pron.; °f. yður; pl. yðrir): your
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vald (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, power
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1. um (prep.): about, around
[2] um heiminn kalda ‘around the cold world’: Greenland became a Norw. dominion in the early 1260s and Iceland in 1262. The ‘cold world’ probably refers to Greenland rather than to Iceland, and is meant to show how far and wide Hákon’s kingdom stretched.
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
[2] um heiminn kalda ‘around the cold world’: Greenland became a Norw. dominion in the early 1260s and Iceland in 1262. The ‘cold world’ probably refers to Greenland rather than to Iceland, and is meant to show how far and wide Hákon’s kingdom stretched.
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kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold
[2] um heiminn kalda ‘around the cold world’: Greenland became a Norw. dominion in the early 1260s and Iceland in 1262. The ‘cold world’ probably refers to Greenland rather than to Iceland, and is meant to show how far and wide Hákon’s kingdom stretched.
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gegna (verb): encounter, mean
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munu (verb): will, must
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því (adv.): therefore, because
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2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man
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fagna (verb; °-að-): welcome, rejoice
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fjǫrnir (noun m.): helmet
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alfr (noun m.; °; -ar): elf
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
[4] und leiðarstjörnu ‘under the North Star’: Hermann Pálsson (1988, 72) thought this phrase showed Sturla’s interest in geography and astrology, and that he knew that Greenland stretched far to the north.
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leiðarstjarna (noun f.): [North Star]
[4] und leiðarstjörnu ‘under the North Star’: Hermann Pálsson (1988, 72) thought this phrase showed Sturla’s interest in geography and astrology, and that he knew that Greenland stretched far to the north.
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þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler
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hafa (verb): have
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þar (adv.): there
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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
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2. engi (pron.): no, none
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allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler
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2. en (conj.): but, and
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
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ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power
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halda (verb): hold, keep
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lengra (adv.): longer, further
[7] reiða ‘spread’: The verb is used in the meaning ‘spread’ or ‘talk about’: ‘people will talk about your glory’.
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
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þangat (adv.): there, thither
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
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4. en (conj.): than
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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body
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skína (verb): shine
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
It pleases you to increase your power, elf of the helmet [WARRIOR], around the cold world, all the way north under the North Star; reliable men will welcome that. No other prince but you, mighty ruler, has held power there; people will spread your glory in that direction further than the sun shines.
The praise reaches its climax in the last two sts by describing the extent of Hákon’s domain. King Hákon added Greenland and Iceland to his kingdom in the 1260s, expanding the Norw. state even further to the north-west.
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