Sturl Hryn 16II
Valgerður Erna Þorvaldsdóttir (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 16’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 693-4.
var ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
sem ‘as if’
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sem (conj.): as, which
elding ‘flash of lightning’
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elding (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ar): lightning
notes
[2] inn um borð ‘in over the gunwale’: F has the reading innanborðs ‘inside the gunwale’. It seems more natural that the waves were thrown over the gunwale, rather than thrown about inside it, so the reading of the other mss has been chosen here, as in Skj B and Skald. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 80) followed the reading of F, innanborðs ‘inside the gunwale’, but says in his notes that the reading of the other mss is better.
notes
[2] inn um borð ‘in over the gunwale’: F has the reading innanborðs ‘inside the gunwale’. It seems more natural that the waves were thrown over the gunwale, rather than thrown about inside it, so the reading of the other mss has been chosen here, as in Skj B and Skald. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 80) followed the reading of F, innanborðs ‘inside the gunwale’, but says in his notes that the reading of the other mss is better.
borð ‘the gunwale’
(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
[2] borð: so all others, borðs F
notes
[2] inn um borð ‘in over the gunwale’: F has the reading innanborðs ‘inside the gunwale’. It seems more natural that the waves were thrown over the gunwale, rather than thrown about inside it, so the reading of the other mss has been chosen here, as in Skj B and Skald. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 80) followed the reading of F, innanborðs ‘inside the gunwale’, but says in his notes that the reading of the other mss is better.
á ‘across’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
[2] á lægi: ‘alegi’ E, ‘al ægi’ G, ‘a legí’ 8, ‘ꜳ legi’ Flat
lægi ‘the sea’
(not checked:)
lægi (noun n.; °-s): sea
[2] á lægi: ‘alegi’ E, ‘al ægi’ G, ‘a legí’ 8, ‘ꜳ legi’ Flat
notes
[2] lægi ‘sea’: The scribes of F, 81a and G write ‘lægi’ but the scribes of E, Flat and 8 write ‘legi’. The long vowels [æ] and [œ] coalesced shortly before 1250. Many Icelandic scribes wrote <æ> for [e] in the C13-14th following the example of Norw. scribes (Stefán Karlsson 2000, 52, 175). Norw. influence on the orthography is clearly evident in both F and E. Lægi could therefore be the dat. of lögr (m. sg.) ‘sea’ or lœgir (m. sg.) ‘sea’, originally probably meaning ‘the still one’ or ‘the quiet one’ (ÍO).
norðan ‘from the north’
(not checked:)
norðan (adv.): from the north
notes
[3] öldum varp ‘waves were thrown’: The verb is used impersonally with öldum (f. dat. pl.) as the object.
varp ‘were thrown’
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1. verpa (verb): to throw, cast (up)
notes
[3] öldum varp ‘waves were thrown’: The verb is used impersonally with öldum (f. dat. pl.) as the object.
er ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
helduð ‘you brought’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
hilmis ‘of the ruler’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
kennings
kundr hilmis,‘son of the ruler, ’
= Hákon
son of the ruler, → Hákon
kennings
kundr hilmis,‘son of the ruler, ’
= Hákon
son of the ruler, → Hákon
jörmungrundar ‘the vast land’
(not checked:)
jǫrmungrund (noun f.): huge/vast (expanse of) land
[4] jörmungrundar: ‘juarmun nordan’ G, jarmangrundar 81a, danskrar grundar Flat
notes
[4] jörmungrundar ‘vast land’: Flat has the reading danskrar grundar ‘the Danish lands’, which is accurate as the fleet was heading to Halland (which was under Dan. rule), but it is clearly a lectio facilior. The prefix jörmun- implies something vast or great and occurs in words such as Jǫrmungandr ‘the Midgard serpent’ (CVC). See also the inscription on the Karlevi stone (Run Öl1/7VI).
notes
[5] þurðu víða ‘raced far and wide’: 81a has the reading þorðu vinda ‘dared to turn’ which is possible but clearly secondary. G is the only ms. which has the reading þurðu víða ‘raced far and wide’. F also has þurðu, E, 81a and 8 þorðu ‘dared’, and Flat has snuddu, 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic. of the verb snyðja ‘speed’. Þurðu is the pret. of the verb þyrja ‘sweep, rush along’.
notes
[5] þurðu víða ‘raced far and wide’: 81a has the reading þorðu vinda ‘dared to turn’ which is possible but clearly secondary. G is the only ms. which has the reading þurðu víða ‘raced far and wide’. F also has þurðu, E, 81a and 8 þorðu ‘dared’, and Flat has snuddu, 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic. of the verb snyðja ‘speed’. Þurðu is the pret. of the verb þyrja ‘sweep, rush along’.
vísa ‘of the leader’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
ferðar ‘of the troop’
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
[5] ferðar: ferðir G
veg ‘Magnificent’
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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour < vegligr (adj.): magnificent
flaust ‘ships’
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flaust (noun n.): ship
und ‘under’
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
segli ‘sail’
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segl (noun n.; °-s; -): sail
notes
[7] geiga ‘drift’: It seems strange that the ships that were racing are now drifting rather aimlessly to and fro. Konráð Gíslason thought geiga might mean svífa ‘drift, float’, describing the movement of the ships on the water (Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 81; CVC). The reading in 81a, geisa ‘rush’, is a more natural continuation of the previous couplet where the fleet rushes on towards Halland, but the other ms. witnesses show that it is secondary, and it leaves the l. without internal rhyme (also note the rhyme -eig- : -ýj-; see ANG §251). For geiga, see also Note to Sturl Hákkv 32/8.
sýjur ‘ships’
(not checked:)
1. sýja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): planking, vessel
[7] sýjur: ‘sygiur’ E, Flat
notes
[7] sýjur (f. nom. sg. sÿja) ‘ships’: This lit. means ‘suture’, referring to the method of joining the boards, súð (f. nom. sg.), by lashing them together. Súð and sýja are both used as pars pro toto for ‘ship’.
grundar ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
grund (noun f.): earth, land
kennings
vörðr grundar,‘defender of the land, ’
= KING
defender of the land, → KING
vörðr ‘defender’
(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
kennings
vörðr grundar,‘defender of the land, ’
= KING
defender of the land, → KING
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
Eyrarsundi ‘Øresund’
(not checked:)
eyrarsund (noun n.; °; -): Øresund
[8] Eyrarsundi: Eyrasundi E, Flat, heyra G
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
It was as if a great flash of lightning travelled from the north across the sea, son of the ruler [= Hákon], when you brought the hulls to the vast land; waves were thrown in over the gunwale. Magnificent ships of the leader of the troop raced far and wide under the adorned sail; defender of the land [KING], you let gilded ships drift to Øresund.
King Hákon sailed with 315 ships from Öckerö south through Øresund.
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