Sturl Hrafn 7II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 7’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 733-4.
Helt ‘brought’
(not checked:)
halda (verb): hold, keep
inn ‘The’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
kennings
Inn hraðmælti viðþingaðr hringa‘The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords ’
= WARRIOR
The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords → WARRIOR
hraðmælti ‘quick-spoken’
(not checked:)
hraðmæltr (adj.): [quick-spoken]
kennings
Inn hraðmælti viðþingaðr hringa‘The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords ’
= WARRIOR
The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords → WARRIOR
hringa ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword
kennings
Inn hraðmælti viðþingaðr hringa‘The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords ’
= WARRIOR
The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords → WARRIOR
viðþingaðr ‘assembly-convener’
(not checked:)
víðþinguðr (noun m.): [assembly-convener]
[2] viðþingaðr: vígþingaðr 8, virðingu Flat
kennings
Inn hraðmælti viðþingaðr hringa‘The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords ’
= WARRIOR
The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords → WARRIOR
leiðir ‘on the paths’
(not checked:)
leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way
lög ‘the sea’
(not checked:)
lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea < lǫgskíð (noun n.)
[3] lög‑: so 8, lof F, lang Flat
kennings
lögskíðum‘the sea-skis ’
= SHIPS
the sea-skis → SHIPS
notes
[3] lögskíðum ‘the sea-skis [SHIPS]’: Lofskeiðum ‘commendable warships’ (so F) appears to be a lectio facilior.
skíðum ‘skis’
(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < lǫgskíð (noun n.)
[3] ‑skíðum: so Flat, skeiðum F, 8
kennings
lögskíðum‘the sea-skis ’
= SHIPS
the sea-skis → SHIPS
notes
[3] lögskíðum ‘the sea-skis [SHIPS]’: Lofskeiðum ‘commendable warships’ (so F) appears to be a lectio facilior.
leygs ‘of the ocean’
(not checked:)
1. leygr (noun m.): flame
í ‘to’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
notes
[4] í Suðreyjar (f. acc. pl.) ‘to the Hebrides’: So 8, Flat. Suðreyjum (f. dat. pl.; so F) is ungrammatical because the prep. requires acc. here.
Suðr ‘the’
(not checked:)
1. suðr (noun n.; °-s): [southern, the] < Suðreyjar (noun f.): [Hebrides]
notes
[4] í Suðreyjar (f. acc. pl.) ‘to the Hebrides’: So 8, Flat. Suðreyjum (f. dat. pl.; so F) is ungrammatical because the prep. requires acc. here.
eyjar ‘Hebrides’
(not checked:)
1. ey (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-; -jar): island < Suðreyjar (noun f.): [Hebrides]
[4] ‑eyjar: so 8, Flat, ‑eyjum F
notes
[4] í Suðreyjar (f. acc. pl.) ‘to the Hebrides’: So 8, Flat. Suðreyjum (f. dat. pl.; so F) is ungrammatical because the prep. requires acc. here.
Upp ‘’
(not checked:)
upp (adv.): up
gaf ‘surrendered’
(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give
alkeppnum ‘the very vigorous’
(not checked:)
alkeppinn (adj./verb p.p.): [very vigorous]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
Engus ‘Angus’
(not checked:)
Engus (noun m.): [Angus]
herfengna ‘captured in battle’
(not checked:)
herfenginn (adj./verb p.p.): captured in battle
fyr ‘on account of’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
ítr ‘of the splendid’
(not checked:)
ítr (adj.): glorious < ítrból (noun n.): [splendid lair]
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
ítr ‘of the splendid’
(not checked:)
ítr (adj.): glorious < ítrból (noun n.): [splendid lair]
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
bóla ‘lair’
(not checked:)
ból (noun n.; °-s; -): dwelling < ítrból (noun n.): [splendid lair]
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
bóla ‘lair’
(not checked:)
ból (noun n.; °-s; -): dwelling < ítrból (noun n.): [splendid lair]
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
eyði ‘spoiler’
(not checked:)
eyðir (noun m.): destroyer
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
dal ‘of the valley’
(not checked:)
dalr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i/-a): valley < dalreyðr (noun f.): [valley-char]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] dalreyðar ‘of the valley-char’: Reyðr ‘char’ (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish of the salmon species (ModIcel. reyður, ModNorw røye). This cpd occurs in Anon (Sǫrl) l. 5VIII, which is composed in Haðarlag metre as well. See also ESk Øxfl 1III and ÞBrún Lv 4V. Reyðr is also a whale (see Note to Steinn Óldr 11/7), but it appears that the word originally denoted ‘char’, because it was borrowed into Saami (rav’do ‘char’) from Proto Scandinavian (*rauðiō) in that sense (see Nielsen 1908, 228). In LP: reyðr 2, both ‘whale’ and ‘char’ are listed as possible meanings of the word in the present kenning, while Meissner (p. 109; so also Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 96) takes it in the sense ‘char’. That interpretation is more likely, because the kenning clearly imitates such circumlocutions for ‘snake’ as attested in dalmiskunn fiska, i.e. miskunn dalfiska ‘the mercy of the valley-fish’ [SNAKE > SUMMER], Egill Lv 8/4V. In general, if reyðr is excluded from the list, fish-names are far more common than whale-names in snake-kennings (see Meissner 112-13). See also Note to Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
dal ‘of the valley’
(not checked:)
dalr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i/-a): valley < dalreyðr (noun f.): [valley-char]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] dalreyðar ‘of the valley-char’: Reyðr ‘char’ (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish of the salmon species (ModIcel. reyður, ModNorw røye). This cpd occurs in Anon (Sǫrl) l. 5VIII, which is composed in Haðarlag metre as well. See also ESk Øxfl 1III and ÞBrún Lv 4V. Reyðr is also a whale (see Note to Steinn Óldr 11/7), but it appears that the word originally denoted ‘char’, because it was borrowed into Saami (rav’do ‘char’) from Proto Scandinavian (*rauðiō) in that sense (see Nielsen 1908, 228). In LP: reyðr 2, both ‘whale’ and ‘char’ are listed as possible meanings of the word in the present kenning, while Meissner (p. 109; so also Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 96) takes it in the sense ‘char’. That interpretation is more likely, because the kenning clearly imitates such circumlocutions for ‘snake’ as attested in dalmiskunn fiska, i.e. miskunn dalfiska ‘the mercy of the valley-fish’ [SNAKE > SUMMER], Egill Lv 8/4V. In general, if reyðr is excluded from the list, fish-names are far more common than whale-names in snake-kennings (see Meissner 112-13). See also Note to Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
dal ‘of the valley’
(not checked:)
dalr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i/-a): valley < dalreyðr (noun f.): [valley-char]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] dalreyðar ‘of the valley-char’: Reyðr ‘char’ (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish of the salmon species (ModIcel. reyður, ModNorw røye). This cpd occurs in Anon (Sǫrl) l. 5VIII, which is composed in Haðarlag metre as well. See also ESk Øxfl 1III and ÞBrún Lv 4V. Reyðr is also a whale (see Note to Steinn Óldr 11/7), but it appears that the word originally denoted ‘char’, because it was borrowed into Saami (rav’do ‘char’) from Proto Scandinavian (*rauðiō) in that sense (see Nielsen 1908, 228). In LP: reyðr 2, both ‘whale’ and ‘char’ are listed as possible meanings of the word in the present kenning, while Meissner (p. 109; so also Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 96) takes it in the sense ‘char’. That interpretation is more likely, because the kenning clearly imitates such circumlocutions for ‘snake’ as attested in dalmiskunn fiska, i.e. miskunn dalfiska ‘the mercy of the valley-fish’ [SNAKE > SUMMER], Egill Lv 8/4V. In general, if reyðr is excluded from the list, fish-names are far more common than whale-names in snake-kennings (see Meissner 112-13). See also Note to Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
reyðar ‘char’
(not checked:)
reyðr (noun f.; °; -ar): whale, rorqual < dalreyðr (noun f.): [valley-char]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] dalreyðar ‘of the valley-char’: Reyðr ‘char’ (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish of the salmon species (ModIcel. reyður, ModNorw røye). This cpd occurs in Anon (Sǫrl) l. 5VIII, which is composed in Haðarlag metre as well. See also ESk Øxfl 1III and ÞBrún Lv 4V. Reyðr is also a whale (see Note to Steinn Óldr 11/7), but it appears that the word originally denoted ‘char’, because it was borrowed into Saami (rav’do ‘char’) from Proto Scandinavian (*rauðiō) in that sense (see Nielsen 1908, 228). In LP: reyðr 2, both ‘whale’ and ‘char’ are listed as possible meanings of the word in the present kenning, while Meissner (p. 109; so also Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 96) takes it in the sense ‘char’. That interpretation is more likely, because the kenning clearly imitates such circumlocutions for ‘snake’ as attested in dalmiskunn fiska, i.e. miskunn dalfiska ‘the mercy of the valley-fish’ [SNAKE > SUMMER], Egill Lv 8/4V. In general, if reyðr is excluded from the list, fish-names are far more common than whale-names in snake-kennings (see Meissner 112-13). See also Note to Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
reyðar ‘char’
(not checked:)
reyðr (noun f.; °; -ar): whale, rorqual < dalreyðr (noun f.): [valley-char]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] dalreyðar ‘of the valley-char’: Reyðr ‘char’ (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish of the salmon species (ModIcel. reyður, ModNorw røye). This cpd occurs in Anon (Sǫrl) l. 5VIII, which is composed in Haðarlag metre as well. See also ESk Øxfl 1III and ÞBrún Lv 4V. Reyðr is also a whale (see Note to Steinn Óldr 11/7), but it appears that the word originally denoted ‘char’, because it was borrowed into Saami (rav’do ‘char’) from Proto Scandinavian (*rauðiō) in that sense (see Nielsen 1908, 228). In LP: reyðr 2, both ‘whale’ and ‘char’ are listed as possible meanings of the word in the present kenning, while Meissner (p. 109; so also Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 96) takes it in the sense ‘char’. That interpretation is more likely, because the kenning clearly imitates such circumlocutions for ‘snake’ as attested in dalmiskunn fiska, i.e. miskunn dalfiska ‘the mercy of the valley-fish’ [SNAKE > SUMMER], Egill Lv 8/4V. In general, if reyðr is excluded from the list, fish-names are far more common than whale-names in snake-kennings (see Meissner 112-13). See also Note to Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
reyðar ‘char’
(not checked:)
reyðr (noun f.; °; -ar): whale, rorqual < dalreyðr (noun f.): [valley-char]
kennings
alkeppnum eyði ítrbóla dalreyðar.‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[8] dalreyðar ‘of the valley-char’: Reyðr ‘char’ (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish of the salmon species (ModIcel. reyður, ModNorw røye). This cpd occurs in Anon (Sǫrl) l. 5VIII, which is composed in Haðarlag metre as well. See also ESk Øxfl 1III and ÞBrún Lv 4V. Reyðr is also a whale (see Note to Steinn Óldr 11/7), but it appears that the word originally denoted ‘char’, because it was borrowed into Saami (rav’do ‘char’) from Proto Scandinavian (*rauðiō) in that sense (see Nielsen 1908, 228). In LP: reyðr 2, both ‘whale’ and ‘char’ are listed as possible meanings of the word in the present kenning, while Meissner (p. 109; so also Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 96) takes it in the sense ‘char’. That interpretation is more likely, because the kenning clearly imitates such circumlocutions for ‘snake’ as attested in dalmiskunn fiska, i.e. miskunn dalfiska ‘the mercy of the valley-fish’ [SNAKE > SUMMER], Egill Lv 8/4V. In general, if reyðr is excluded from the list, fish-names are far more common than whale-names in snake-kennings (see Meissner 112-13). See also Note to Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In August, Hákon sailed with most of his fleet to Gigha (island off the west coast of Kintyre). Men came to him and said that Murchaid and Angus, lords of Kintyre, wished to surrender to him. They gave hostages and pledged their allegiance, and Hákon placed Angus in charge of Islay.
[2] viðþingaðr ‘assembly-convener’: Hap. leg. Nomen agentis formed from þinga við ‘convene an assembly or a meeting, talk to sby’. See NN §1357. See also Sturl Hákfl 1/6. — [4]: Note the rhyme -eyg- : -eyj- (see ANG §251).
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