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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Sturl Hrafn 2^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 728-9.

Sturla Þórðarson Hrafnsmál

Øngr ‘No’

(not checked:)
2. engi (pron.): no, none

[1] Øngr: Engr 8

kennings

Øngr ótti ormvengis
‘No terror of the snake-meadow ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

sá ‘saw’

(not checked:)
2. sjá (verb): see

orm ‘of the snake’

(not checked:)
ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent < ormvengi (noun n.): [snake-meadow]

kennings

Øngr ótti ormvengis
‘No terror of the snake-meadow ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

orm ‘of the snake’

(not checked:)
ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent < ormvengi (noun n.): [snake-meadow]

kennings

Øngr ótti ormvengis
‘No terror of the snake-meadow ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

vengis ‘meadow’

(not checked:)
vengi (noun n.): land, field < ormvengi (noun n.): [snake-meadow]

kennings

Øngr ótti ormvengis
‘No terror of the snake-meadow ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

vengis ‘meadow’

(not checked:)
vengi (noun n.): land, field < ormvengi (noun n.): [snake-meadow]

kennings

Øngr ótti ormvengis
‘No terror of the snake-meadow ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

ótti ‘terror’

(not checked:)
ótti (noun m.; °-a): fear

kennings

Øngr ótti ormvengis
‘No terror of the snake-meadow ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

vígdróttir ‘fighting-troops’

(not checked:)
vígdrótt (noun f.): battle-retinue

fleiri ‘more’

(not checked:)
fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most

flug ‘flight’

(not checked:)
2. flug (noun n.): flight, ?precipice < flugstœrir (noun m.)

kennings

fleins flugstæris
‘of a flight-increaser of the spear’
= WARRIOR
the spear’s flight → BATTLE
an increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3] flugstæris ‘of a flight-increaser’: Hap. leg.

flug ‘flight’

(not checked:)
2. flug (noun n.): flight, ?precipice < flugstœrir (noun m.)

kennings

fleins flugstæris
‘of a flight-increaser of the spear’
= WARRIOR
the spear’s flight → BATTLE
an increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3] flugstæris ‘of a flight-increaser’: Hap. leg.

stæris ‘of an increaser’

(not checked:)
stœrir (noun m.): increaser < flugstœrir (noun m.)

kennings

fleins flugstæris
‘of a flight-increaser of the spear’
= WARRIOR
the spear’s flight → BATTLE
an increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3] flugstæris ‘of a flight-increaser’: Hap. leg.

fleins ‘of the spear’s’

(not checked:)
fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear

kennings

fleins flugstæris
‘of a flight-increaser of the spear’
= WARRIOR
the spear’s flight → BATTLE
an increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

fleins ‘of the spear’s’

(not checked:)
fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear

kennings

fleins flugstæris
‘of a flight-increaser of the spear’
= WARRIOR
the spear’s flight → BATTLE
an increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

stað ‘place’

(not checked:)
1. staðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s; -ir): place

einum ‘one’

(not checked:)
2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone

Lukði ‘enclosed’

(not checked:)
lykja (verb): lock up, enclose

lóm ‘deceit’

(not checked:)
2. lómr (noun m.): deceit < lómblekkir (noun m.)

kennings

Harðr lómblekkir
‘The harsh deceit-destroyer ’
= JUST RULER
The harsh deceit-destroyer → JUST RULER

notes

[5] lómblekkir ‘deceit-destroyer [JUST RULER]’: Lit. ‘deceit-deceiver’. Hap. leg.

blekkir ‘destroyer’

(not checked:)
blekkir (noun m.): [destroyer] < lómblekkir (noun m.)

[5] ‑blekkir: ‘hlecki’ Flat

kennings

Harðr lómblekkir
‘The harsh deceit-destroyer ’
= JUST RULER
The harsh deceit-destroyer → JUST RULER

notes

[5] lómblekkir ‘deceit-destroyer [JUST RULER]’: Lit. ‘deceit-deceiver’. Hap. leg.

landa ‘of the lands’

(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land

útstrandir ‘the outer shores’

(not checked:)
útstrǫnd (noun f.): outer shore

hríðar ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm

[7] hríðar: so 8, Flat, hríða F

kennings

herskíðum hríðar
‘with the army-skis of the sea ’
= SHIPS
with the army-skis of the sea → SHIPS

her ‘with the army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herskíð (noun n.): [with army-skis]

kennings

herskíðum hríðar
‘with the army-skis of the sea ’
= SHIPS
with the army-skis of the sea → SHIPS

notes

[7] herskíðum ‘army-skis’: Hap. leg.

skíðum ‘skis’

(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < herskíð (noun n.): [with army-skis]

kennings

herskíðum hríðar
‘with the army-skis of the sea ’
= SHIPS
with the army-skis of the sea → SHIPS

notes

[7] herskíðum ‘army-skis’: Hap. leg.

harðr ‘The harsh’

(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

kennings

Harðr lómblekkir
‘The harsh deceit-destroyer ’
= JUST RULER
The harsh deceit-destroyer → JUST RULER

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[8] ok: at Flat

rand ‘the shield’

(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim < randgarðr (noun m.): shield-wall

[8] rand‑: rann‑ F, ‘ran‑’ 8, ‘ránn’ Flat

notes

[8] randgarði ‘the shield-fence’: I.e. ‘shield-wall’. See also Mark Eirdr 24/3 and SnSt Ht 79/4^III. Ranngarði ‘the house-fence’ and rángarði ‘robbery-fence’ (so F, 8, Flat) make no sense in the context.

garði ‘fence’

(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard < randgarðr (noun m.): shield-wall

notes

[8] randgarði ‘the shield-fence’: I.e. ‘shield-wall’. See also Mark Eirdr 24/3 and SnSt Ht 79/4^III. Ranngarði ‘the house-fence’ and rángarði ‘robbery-fence’ (so F, 8, Flat) make no sense in the context.

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

As st. 1 above.

[5-8]: This helmingr echoes SnSt Ht 79/1-4^III.

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