Sturl Hrafn 19II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 19’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 744.
Kvöddu ‘greeted’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
kapp ‘the vigour’
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kapp (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, vigour, courage < kappstuddr (adj./verb p.p.)
notes
[1] kappstudda ‘vigour-supported’: Hap. leg.
studda ‘supported’
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2. styðja (verb): protect, support < kappstuddr (adj./verb p.p.)
[1] ‑studda: ‑stadda 8
notes
[1] kappstudda ‘vigour-supported’: Hap. leg.
kæris ‘of the litigator’
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kærir (noun m.): [litigator]
kennings
kæris Norðmæra‘of the litigator of the Norðmærir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
the litigator of the Norðmærir → NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
Norðmæra ‘of the Norðmærir’
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Norðmœrr (noun m.): [Norðmærir]
kennings
kæris Norðmæra‘of the litigator of the Norðmærir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
the litigator of the Norðmærir → NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
hölða ‘men’
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hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man
her ‘The host’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < hervaliðr (adj./verb p.p.)
notes
[3] hervalðir ‘host-selected’: Hap. leg. LP: hervaliðr suggests the possible meanings meget udsøgt, udmærket ‘very select, outstanding’ or valgt af hæren ‘chosen by the army’.
valðir ‘selected’
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velja (verb): choose < hervaliðr (adj./verb p.p.)
[3] ‑valðir: faldir Flat
notes
[3] hervalðir ‘host-selected’: Hap. leg. LP: hervaliðr suggests the possible meanings meget udsøgt, udmærket ‘very select, outstanding’ or valgt af hæren ‘chosen by the army’.
hersar ‘hersar’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
gunn ‘with battle’
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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnvers (noun n.): battle-verse
kennings
gunnversum.‘with battle-verses. ’
= BATTLE
with battle-verses. → BATTLE
versum ‘verses’
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2. vers (noun n.; °vers; -): [verse] < gunnvers (noun n.): battle-verse
kennings
gunnversum.‘with battle-verses. ’
= BATTLE
with battle-verses. → BATTLE
Gekk ‘went’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
in ‘The’
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2. inn (art.): the
notes
[5] in geðrakka ‘the valiant’: Lit. ‘the mind-valiant’ (so 8). In gunnrakka ‘the battle-valiant’ (so F) is contextually and metrically possible but looks like a repetition of gunn- ‘battle-’ (l. 4).
geðrakka ‘valiant’
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geðrakkr (adj.): [valiant]
[5] geðrakka: so 8, gunnrakka F, geðrakki Flat
notes
[5] in geðrakka ‘the valiant’: Lit. ‘the mind-valiant’ (so 8). In gunnrakka ‘the battle-valiant’ (so F) is contextually and metrically possible but looks like a repetition of gunn- ‘battle-’ (l. 4).
gætis ‘of the guardian’
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gætir (noun m.): guardian
kennings
gætis hásæta‘of the guardian of rowing-benches ’
= CAPTAIN
the guardian of rowing-benches → CAPTAIN
notes
[6] gætis hásæta ‘of the guardian of rowing-benches [CAPTAIN]’: See also st. 1/8 above.
hásæta ‘of rowing-benches’
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hásæti (noun n.): high-seat
kennings
gætis hásæta‘of the guardian of rowing-benches ’
= CAPTAIN
the guardian of rowing-benches → CAPTAIN
notes
[6] gætis hásæta ‘of the guardian of rowing-benches [CAPTAIN]’: See also st. 1/8 above.
hirð ‘retinue’
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
hjörstærðum ‘the sword-swelled’
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hjǫrstœrðr (adj.): [sword-swelled]
[7] hjörstærðum: ‘hiordstordu’ 8, hjörstærðu Flat
notes
[7] hjörstærðum ‘sword-swelled’: Hap. leg.
hjaldri ‘fight’
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle
járnfaldin ‘iron-hooded’
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járnfaldinn (adj./verb p.p.): [iron-hooded]
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
During the battle described in st. 18 above, there was such a violent storm that Hákon could not launch any boats to come to the relief of the men on the beach. Finally the Norwegians were able to regroup, and the Scots retreated to a hill. Some skirmishes occurred between the two armies before the Norwegians made an assault on the hill.
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